Sugar chain-capturing substance and use thereof

ABSTRACT

The present invention provides a method for preparing a sample characterized by binding a substance A containing a hydrazide group to a sugar chain and/or a sugar derivative via hydrazone formation between the hydrazide group of the substance A and the reducing end of the sugar chain and/or the sugar derivative thereby to enable the separation and purification of the sugar chain and/or the sugar derivative for an analytical sample from a biological sample containing the sugar chain and/or the sugar derivative by a simple operation.

TECHNICAL FIELD

The present invention relates to a method for preparing a sample using aprescribed sugar chain-capturing substance, and an analytical sampleobtained by the method. The present invention relates to a method forpreparing a sugar chain-capturing substance, a compound used for themethod and a polymer obtained by polymerizing the compound. Further, thepresent invention relates to the use of the sugar chain-capturingsubstance, for example, a method for applying the sugar-chain capturingsubstance, a sugar chain microarray, the use of the sugar chainmicroarray, sugar chain affinity beads and the use of the sugar chainaffinity beads.

BACKGROUND ART

A biological polymer refers to a general term of a sugar chain,glycoprotein, glycopeptide, peptide, oligopeptide, protein, nucleicacid, lipid or the like.

Furthermore, these biological polymers play an importance role inbiotechnology fields such as medical science, cell engineering, organsand medical engineering and the like. To clarify the control mechanismof the biological reaction using these substances is related to thedevelopment in the biotechnology fields.

Of these biological polymers, a sugar chain is extremely rich in itsdiversity, and is a substance participating in various functions of anorganism present in the nature. The sugar chain is present asglycoconjugate bonded to protein, lipid or the like in vivo in manycases, and is one of important components in vivo. It has become clearthat the sugar chain in vivo is deeply related to information transferbetween cells, regulation of functions or interaction of protein, andthe like.

Incidentally, the term “sugar chain” refers to a generic term of a chainof molecules coupled with monosaccharide such as glucose, galactose,mannose, fucose, xylose, N-acetylglucosamine, N-acetylgalactosamine,sialic acid or the like and a derivative thereof by a glycosidic bond.

Examples of the biological polymer having a sugar chain includeproteoglycan of a cell wall of a plant cell contributing to thestability of cells, glycolipid affecting cell differentiation,population growth, adhesion, migration or the like, glycoprotein takingpart in intercellular interaction or cellular recognition and the like.A mechanism of the sugar chain contained in these biological polymers ofcontrolling a high-precision biological reaction while acting for,helping, amplifying, regulating or hindering functions mutually with thebiological polymer has been gradually made clear. Furthermore, when therelationship between such a sugar chain and cell differentiation,population growth, cell adhesion, immunity and a malignant change(cancer) in cells becomes clear, a new development can be expected to beplanned by closely relating this sugar chain engineering to the medicalscience, cell engineering or organs and medical engineering.

In Patent Document 1, there have been described a substance capable ofspecifically reacting with such a sugar chain and a method of separatinga sugar chain by using the substance as well.

Patent Document 1: International Publication Pamphlet No. 2004/058687

DISCLOSURE OF THE INVENTION

By the way, in Patent Document 1, there has been described an exampleusing an acid treatment employing trifluoroacetic acid, acidic resin orthe like in order to release (excise) the sugar chain captured by usinga sugar chain-capturing substance from the sugar chain-capturingsubstance. To expose the sugar chain under such severe conditions maycause degeneration of the sugar chain such as separation of a sialicacid residue having a property of being bonded to a terminal end of thesugar chain that is taken out from a biological sample and a property ofbeing easily separated under acidic conditions. So, it has been demandedthat excision of the sugar chain is carried out under much milderconditions. Incidentally, the existence of the sialic acid to be bondedto the sugar chain and the binding site are related to diseases in manycases so that it has been demanded that the sugar chain is analyzed inthe perfect state of the sialic acid. When even a part of the sialicacid is separated at the pre-treatment step before analysis, accurateinformation of the sugar chain cannot be obtained.

Then, the present invention is to provide a method for preparing asample which enables the separation and purification of the sugar chainand/or the sugar derivative for an analytical sample from a biologicalsample containing a sugar chain and/or a sugar derivative by a simpleoperation, and an analytical sample obtained by this method.Furthermore, the present invention is to provide a method for preparinga sugar chain-capturing substance which is used in the aforementionedmethod for preparing a sample, a monomer which can be used for thepreparation method, and a polymer obtained by polymerizing this monomer.Further, the present invention is to provide the use of theaforementioned method for preparing a sample.

The present invention provides:

(1) a method for preparing a sample in which a substance A containing ahydrazide group is bonded to a sugar chain and/or a sugar derivative viahydrazone formation between the hydrazide group of the substance A andthe reducing end of the sugar chain and/or the sugar derivative;

(2) the method for preparing a sample as set forth in (1), in which thesubstance A includes a moiety containing chromophore or fluorophore;

(3) the method for preparing a sample as set forth in (1), in which thesubstance A is a substance selected from the following substances or asalt thereof,

(substance A): 5-Dimethylaminonaphthalene-1-sulfonyl hydrazine(Dansylhydrazine); 2-hydrazinopyridine; 9-fluorenylmethyl carbazate(Fmoc hydrazine); benzylhydrazine;4,4-difluoro-5,7-dimethyl-4-bora-3a,4a-diaza-s-indacene-3-propionicacid, hydrazide;2-(6,8-difluoro-7-hydroxy-4-methylcoumarin)acetohydrazide;7-diethylaminocoumarin-3-carboxylic acid, hydrazide (DCCH);phenylhydrazine; 1-Naphthaleneacethydrazide; 2-hydrazinobenzoic acid;biotin hydrazide; and phenylacetic hydrazide;

(4) the method for preparing a sample as set forth in (1), in which thesubstance A contains a moiety consisting of at least one of an arginineresidue, a tryptophan residue, a phenylalanine residue, a tyrosineresidue, a cysteine residue and a derivative thereof;

(5) the method for preparing a sample as set forth in (4), in which thesubstance A is a compound having a structure of the following formula(1),

wherein, in the formula, R represents —CH₃ or —CD₃;

(6) the method for preparing a sample as set forth in (1), in which thesubstance A has a structure of the following formula (2),

wherein, in the formula, R represents any of H, —COCH₃ or —COCD₃;

(7) the method for preparing a sample as set forth in (1), in which thesubstance A is represented by the following formula (3),

[Chemical Formula 3](carrier)-R—NHNH₂  (Formula 3)

wherein, in the formula, the carrier represents a polymer matrix; and Rrepresents a hydrocarbon chain having 1 to 20 carbon atoms which may beinterrupted with —O—, —S—, —NH—, —CO— or —CONH—;

(8) the method for preparing a sample as set forth in (7), in which thesubstance A has a crosslinked polymer structure represented by thefollowing formula (4),

wherein, in the formula, R₁ and R₂ represent a hydrocarbon chain having1 to 20 carbon atoms which may be interrupted with —O—, —S—, —NH—, —CO—or —CONH—; R₃, R₄ and R₅ represent H, CH₃ or a hydrocarbon chain having2 to 5 carbon atoms; and m and n represent the number of monomer units;

(9) the method for preparing a sample as set forth in (7), in which thesubstance A has a crosslinked polymer structure represented by thefollowing formula (5),

wherein, in the formula, m and n represent the number of monomer units;

(10) the method for preparing a sample as set forth in any one of (7) to(9), in which the substance A is a polymer particle having an averageparticle diameter of equal to or more than 0.1 and equal to or less than500 μm;

11) the method for preparing a sample as set forth in any one of (7) to(10), in which the substance A is a polymer particle having a hydrazidegroup of a dry weight of not less than 100 nmol per 1 mg;

(12) the method for preparing a sample as set forth in any one of (7) to(10), in which the substance A is a polymer particle having a hydrazidegroup of a dry weight of not less than 0.5 μmol per 1 mg;

(13) the method for preparing a sample as set forth in any one of (7) to(12), in which the substance A is stable at the pH of 3 to 8;

(14) the method for preparing a sample as set forth in any one of (7) to(12), in which the substance A is stable under pressure of at least notmore than 1 MPa;

(15) the method for preparing a sample as set forth in (7), in which thecarrier in the above formula (3) is a substance to be directly bonded toa solid phase substrate or a surface of the solid phase substrate;

(16) a method for preparing a sample which involves the sugar chaincapture step including binding a substance A to a sugar chain and/or asugar derivative according to the method for preparing a sample as setforth in any one of (1) to (15), and

the sugar chain release step including the action of a substance Bcontaining an aminooxy group or a hydrazide group on a complex of thesubstance A and the sugar chain and/or the sugar derivative, captured inthe sugar chain capture step and binding the sugar chain and/or thesugar derivative while cut off from the substance A to the substance Bin accordance with the hydrazone-oxime exchange reaction or thehydrazone-hydrazone exchange reaction occurred between the complex andthe substance B;

(17) the method for preparing a sample as set forth in (16), in whichthe substance B includes a moiety containing chromophore or fluorophore;

(18) the method for preparing a sample as set forth in (16), in whichthe substance B is a substance selected from the group consisting of thefollowing substances containing a hydrazide group or the followingsubstances containing an aminooxy group or a salt,

(Substances containing a hydrazide group)5-Dimethylaminonaphthalene-1-sulfonyl hydrazine (Dansylhydrazine);2-hydrazinopyridine; 9-fluorenylmethyl carbazate (Fmoc hydrazine);benzylhydrazine;4,4-difluoro-5,7-dimethyl-4-bora-3a,4a-diaza-s-indacene-3-propionicacid, hydrazide;2-(6,8-difluoro-7-hydroxy-4-methylcoumarin)acetohydrazide;7-diethylaminocoumarin-3-carboxylic acid, hydrazide (DCCH);phenylhydrazine; 1-Naphthaleneacethydrazide; 2-hydrazinobenzoic acid;and phenylacetic hydrazide; or

(Substances containing an aminooxy group) O-benzylhydroxylamine;O-phenylhydroxylamine; O-(2,3,4,5,6-pentafluorobenzyl)hydroxylamine;O-(4-nitrobenzyl)hydroxylamine; 2-aminooxypyridine;2-aminooxymethylpyridine; 4-[(aminooxyacetyl)amino]benzoic acid methylester; 4-[(aminooxyacetyl)amino]benzoic acid ethyl ester; and4-[(aminooxyacetyl)amino]benzoic acid n-butyl ester;

(19) the method for preparing a sample as set forth in (16), in whichthe substance B contains a moiety consisting of at least one of anarginine residue, a tryptophan residue, a phenylalanine residue, atyrosine residue, a cysteine residue and a derivative thereof;

(20) the method for preparing a sample as set forth in (16), in whichthe substance B has a structure represented by the following formula(7),

wherein, in the structural formula, R represents —CH₃ or —CD₃;

(21) the method for preparing a sample as set forth in (16), in whichthe substance B is a solid phase carrier;

(22) the method for preparing a sample as set forth in (21), in whichthe substance B is a solid phase carrier containing an aminooxy group;

(23) the method for preparing a sample as set forth in (22), in whichthe substance B is represented by the following formula (12),

[Chemical Formula 7](Carrier)-R—ONH₂  (Formula 12)

wherein, in the formula, the carrier represents a polymer matrix; and Rrepresents a hydrocarbon chain having 1 to 20 carbon atoms which may beinterrupted with —O—, —S—, —NH—, —CO— or —CONH—;

(24) the method for preparing a sample as set forth in (23), in whichthe substance B is a polymer particle having a structure represented bythe following formula (8),

wherein, in the formula, R₁ and R₂ represent a hydrocarbon chain having1 to 20 carbon atoms which may be interrupted with —O—, —S—, —NH—, —CO—or —CONH—; R₃, R₄ and R₅ represent H, CH₃ or a hydrocarbon chain having2 to 5 carbon atoms; and m and n represent the number of monomer units;

(25) the method for preparing a sample as set forth in (23), in whichthe substance B is a polymer particle having a structure represented bythe following formula (9),

wherein, in the formula, m and n represent the number of monomer units;

(26) the method for preparing a sample as set forth in (21), in whichthe solid phase carrier is a substance to be directly bonded to a solidphase substrate or a surface of the solid phase substrate;

(27) the method for preparing a sample as set forth in any one of (16)to (25), in which the hydrazone-oxime exchange reaction or thehydrazone-hydrazone exchange reaction is carried out at least one ormore times after the completion of the sugar chain release step;

(28) a method for preparing a sample in which a hydrazone bond isdissociated and a sugar chain and/or a sugar derivative is released bytreating a substance A having a structure represented by the followingformula (3), (4) or (5) under acidic conditions to which the sugar chainand/or the sugar derivative is bonded,

[Chemical Formula 10](carrier)-R—NHNH₂  (Formula 3)

wherein, in the formula, the carrier represents a polymer matrix; and Rrepresents a hydrocarbon chain having 1 to 20 carbon atoms which may beinterrupted with —O—, —S—, —NH—, —CO— or —CONH—,

wherein, in the formula, R₁ and R₂ represent a hydrocarbon chain having1 to 20 carbon atoms which may be interrupted with —O—, —S—, —NH—, —CO—or —CONH—; R₃, R₄ and R₅ represent H, CH₃ or a hydrocarbon chain having2 to 5 carbon atoms; and m and n represent the number of monomer units,

wherein, in the formula, m and n represent the number of monomer units;

(29) the method for preparing a sample as set forth in (28), in whichthe treatment under acidic conditions is carried out using atrifluoroacetic acid solution of 0.01 to 10 volume percentage;

(30) the method for preparing a sample as set forth in (29), in whichthe treatment under acidic conditions is carried out using atrifluoroacetic acid solution of 0.01 to 1 volume percentage at 25 to 80degree centigrade for 5 to 60 minutes;

(31) an analytical sample prepared by the method for preparing a sampleas set forth in any one of (1) to (30);

(32) a method for preparing a substance A represented by the followingformula (3), in which a polymer particle containing carboxylic acidester is obtained by polymerizing a raw material containing a carboxylicacid ester monomer having a polymerizable group in the presence of acrosslinking agent, and then the polymer particle containing carboxylicacid ester is treated with a hydrazine solution of a concentration ofnot less than 10 volume percentage,

[Chemical Formula 13](carrier)-R—NHNH₂  (Formula 3)

wherein, in the formula, the carrier represents a polymer matrix; and Rrepresents a hydrocarbon chain having 1 to 20 carbon atoms which may beinterrupted with —O—, —S—, —NH—, —CO— or —CONH—;

(33) the method for preparing a substance A as set forth in (32), inwhich the carboxylic acid ester monomer is carboxylic acid methyl ester;

(34) a monomer having a structure represented by the following formula(10),

wherein, in the formula, R₁ represents a hydrocarbon chain having 1 to20 carbon atoms which may be interrupted with —O—, —S—, —NH—, —CO— or—CONH—; and R₂ represents H, CH₃ or a hydrocarbon chain having 2 to 5carbon atoms;

(35) a polymer obtained by polymerizing the monomer as set forth in(34);

(36) a monomer having a structure represented by the following formula(11),

(37) a polymer obtained by polymerizing the monomer as set forth in(36);

(38) a monomer having a structure represented by the following formula(13),

wherein, in the formula, R₂ represents H, CH₃ or a hydrocarbon chainhaving 2 to 5 carbon atoms; R₆ represents a hydrocarbon chain having 1to 20 carbon atoms which may be interrupted with —O—, —S—, —NH—, —CO— or—CONH—; and [P] represents a protective group;

(39) a polymer obtained by polymerizing the monomer as set forth in(38);

(40) the polymer as set forth in (39), obtained by subjecting theprotective group [P] of the formula (13) to deprotection by the acidtreatment;

(41) a monomer having a structure represented by the following formula(14),

(42) a polymer obtained by polymerizing the monomer as set forth in(41);

(43) a polymer obtained by subjecting a t-butoxycarbonyl group of thepolymer as set forth in (42) to deprotection by the acid treatment;

(44) a method for preparing a substance A represented by the followingformula (4), in which a polymer particle containing carboxylic acidester is obtained by polymerizing a monomer having a structure of thefollowing formula (10) in the presence of a crosslinking agent, and thenthe polymer particle containing carboxylic acid ester is treated with ahydrazine solution of a concentration of not less than 10 volumepercentage,

wherein, in the formula, R₁ and R₂ represent a hydrocarbon chain having1 to 20 carbon atoms which may be interrupted with —O—, —S—, —NH—, —CO—or —CONH—; R₃, R₄ and R₅ represent H, CH₃ or a hydrocarbon chain having2 to 5 carbon atoms; and m and n represent the number of monomer units,

wherein, in the formula, R₁ represents a hydrocarbon chain having 1 to20 carbon atoms which may be interrupted with —O—, —S—, —NH—, —CO— or—CONH—; and R₂ represents H, CH₃ or a hydrocarbon chain having 2 to 5carbon atoms;

(45) a method for preparing a substance A represented by the followingformula (5), in which a polymer particle containing carboxylic acidester is obtained by polymerizing a monomer having a structure of thefollowing formula (11) in the presence of a crosslinking agent, and thenthe polymer particle containing carboxylic acid ester is treated with ahydrazine solution of a concentration of not less than 10 volumepercentage,

wherein, in the formula, m and n represent the number of monomer units,

(46) a method of applying a solid phase carrier onto which a sugar chainand/or a sugar derivative obtained by subjecting a mixture or a specificfraction from the mixture to the isolation and purification isimmobilized as a carrier for collecting a substance having a bondingproperty or affinity to the sugar chain and/or the sugar derivative;

(47) a method for preparing a sugar chain microarray, in which a sugarchain and/or a sugar derivative is immobilized onto a surface of a solidphase substrate composed of a solid phase carrier including a substanceB having a structure represented by the following formula (3) or (12)according to the following steps (1) to (4),

(step 1) a step of purifying and/or isolating the sugar chain and/or thesugar derivative by a specific separation means by binding the sugarchain and/or the sugar derivative to a compound containing a solublehydrazide group,

(step 2) a step of dispensing drops of a solution of the compoundobtained in the step (1) in a row onto the solid phase substrate,

(step 3) a step of proceeding a reaction of exchanging a sugarchain-substance A bond with a solid phase substrate-sugar chain bond byincubating the solid phase substrate after the completion of dispensingdrops under prescribed conditions, and immobilizing the sugar chainand/or the sugar derivative onto the solid phase substrate, and

(step 4) a step of washing and removing the unreacted substance on thesolid phase substrate,

[Chemical Formula 22](Carrier)-R—NHNH₂  (Formula 3)

wherein, in the formula, the carrier represents a polymer matrix; and Rrepresents a hydrocarbon chain having 1 to 20 carbon atoms which may beinterrupted with —O—, —S—, —NH—, —CO— or —CONH—,

[Chemical Formula 23](Carrier)-R—ONH₂  (Formula 12)

wherein, in the formula, the carrier represents a polymer matrix; and Rrepresents a hydrocarbon chain having 1 to 20 carbon atoms which may beinterrupted with —O—, —S—, —NH—, —CO— or —CONH—;

(48) a sugar chain microarray produced by the method as set forth in(47);

(49) a system for searching a sugar-binding substance for specificallybinding to or adsorbing the immobilized sugar chain and/or theimmobilized sugar derivative by bringing a solution containing aspecimen into contact with a surface of the sugar chain microarray asset forth in (48), incubating and washing under prescribed conditions,and then detecting the sugar-binding substance collected at the sugarchain and/or the sugar derivative of a drop-dispensed portion on thesolid phase substrate;

(50) a system for evaluating the recognition specificity of a bindingprotein by bringing a solution containing a specimen into contact with asurface of the sugar chain microarray as set forth in (48), collecting asugar binding protein in the specimen at the sugar chain and/or thesugar derivative of a drop-dispersed region on the solid phasesubstrate, and quantitatively analyzing the collected amount by aprescribed quantifying means;

(51) a method for preparing sugar chain affinity beads, in which a sugarchain and/or a sugar derivative is immobilized onto a surface of thepolymer composed of a solid phase carrier including a substance B havinga structure represented by the following formula (3) or (12),

[Chemical Formula 24](Carrier)-R-NHNH₂  (Formula 3)

wherein, in the formula, the carrier represents a polymer matrix; and Rrepresents a hydrocarbon chain having 1 to 20 carbon atoms which may beinterrupted with —O—, —S—, —NH—, —CO— or —CONH—,

[Chemical Formula 25](Carrier)-R—ONH₂  (Formula 12)

wherein, in the formula, the carrier represents a polymer matrix; and Rrepresents a hydrocarbon chain having 1 to 20 carbon atoms which may beinterrupted with —O—, —S—, —NH—, —CO— or —CONH—;

(52) the method for preparing sugar chain affinity beads as set forth in(51), in which the sugar chain and/or the sugar derivative isimmobilized onto a surface of the polymer particle according to thefollowing steps (1) to (3),

(step 1) a step of purifying and/or isolating the sugar chain and/or thesugar derivative by a specific separation means by binding the sugarchain and/or the sugar derivative to a compound containing a solublehydrazide group,

(step 2) a step of immobilizing the sugar chain and/or the sugarderivative onto the polymer particle by bringing the compound obtainedin the step (1) into contact with the polymer particle and incubatingunder prescribed conditions for exchanging a sugar chain-hydrazidegroup-containing compound bond with a sugar chain-polymer particle bond,and

(step 3) a step of washing and removing the unreacted substance on thepolymer particle;

(53) sugar chain affinity beads prepared by the method as set forth in(51) or (52); and

(54) a system for bringing a solution containing a specimen into contactwith the sugar chain affinity beads as set forth in (53), incubatingunder prescribed conditions and washing, and then isolating the capturedsugar-binding substance.

According to the present invention, a sugar chain and/or a sugarderivative for an analytical sample is enabled to be separated andpurified from a biological sample containing the sugar chain and/or thesugar derivative by a simple operation.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

The above and other objects, features and advantages will be apparentfrom the following detailed description of the preferred embodiments inconjunction with the accompanying drawings.

FIG. 1 illustrates a MALDI-TOF-MS chart of the reactant of a sugar chainand 2-hydrazinopyridine. The horizontal axis represents the molecularweight (m/z), while the vertical axis represents the intensity.Furthermore, structures of the sugar chain expected at a peak (a) in2668.421 (=m/z), a peak (b) in 2978.005 (=m/z) and a peak (c) in3263.785 are schematically represented by ●: galactose, ▪:N-acetylglucosamine, ◯: mannose and ♦: sialic acid.

FIG. 2 illustrates a MALDI-TOF-MS chart of the reactant of a sugar chainand a substance A of the Example. The horizontal axis represents themolecular weight (m/z), while the vertical axis represents theintensity. Structures of the sugar chain expected at each main peak areschematically represented by ●: galactose, ▪: N-acetylglucosamine, ◯:mannose, ♦: sialic acid and triangle figure: fucose.

FIG. 3 is a graph illustrating a relationship between the pH and theexchange efficiency of the exchange reaction in the sugar chain releasestep of the Example. The horizontal axis represents the pH, while thevertical axis represents the exchange efficiency. The exchange fromoxime to oxime is indicated as ◯, the exchange from oxime to hydrazoneis indicated as ●, the exchange from hydrazone to oxime is indicated as□, and the exchange from hydrazone to hydrazone is indicated as ♦.

FIG. 4 illustrates a MALDI-TOF-MS chart of the reactant obtained in theexchange reaction of FIG. 3. The horizontal axis represents themolecular weight (m/z), while the vertical axis represents theintensity. From the top of the chart, a functional group of the beads ishydrazide when a releasing reagent is an aminooxy compound (aoWR), afunctional group of the beads is hydrazide when a releasing reagent is ahydrazide compound (AcWRh), a functional group of the beads is aminooxywhen a releasing reagent is an aminooxy compound (aoWR), and afunctional group of the beads is aminooxy, when a releasing reagent is ahydrazide compound (AcWRh) respectively.

FIG. 5 illustrates a MALDI-TOF-MS chart of the sugar chain recovered inthe method of (1) of Experimental Example 7 (B). The horizontal axisrepresents the molecular weight (m/z), while the vertical axisrepresents the intensity. The top of the chart indicates control (serumsugar chain+400 μM of internal standard) the middle indicates a flowthrough sample ((beads and unreacted sugar chain)+400 μM of internalstandard), and the bottom indicates a sample (serum sugar chain capturedby using beads containing a hydrazide group and then recovered by oximeexchange+400 μM of internal standard). When the intensity of the sugarchain subjected to quantitative analysis of control was taken as 100%,the flow through sample was 12% (88% bonded to beads), while the samplewas 56%.

FIG. 6 illustrates a MALDI-TOF-MS chart of the sugar chain recovered inthe method of (2) of Experimental Example 7 (B). The horizontal axisrepresents the molecular weight (m/z), while the vertical axisrepresents the intensity. The chart indicates the results when, from thetop of the chart, 50 μl (dry weight 16.5 mg) of Affi-Gel Hz, 100 μl (dryweight 33 mg) thereof, 150 μl (dry weight 49.5 mg) thereof, and 2.5 mgof beads containing a hydrazide group were used.

FIG. 7 illustrates a MALDI-TOF-MS chart of the sugar chain recovered inthe method of Experimental Example 8(1). The horizontal axis representsthe molecular weight (m/z), while the vertical axis represents theintensity. The chart indicates the results in cases of, from the top ofthe chart, before reaction, after reaction with beads and without usingbeads (negative control).

FIG. 8 is a graph illustrating the verification results of a lectincapturing ability of Experimental Example 9(2). The vertical axisindicates the absorbance at 450 nm. The lectin concentration is 1 μg/ml,and the mole number of lectin immobilized onto monosaccharide is 2.5μmol/g (saturated amount).

FIG. 9 is a graph illustrating the verification results of a lectincapturing ability of Experimental Example 10(2). The horizontal axisrepresents the molecular weight (m/z), while the vertical axisrepresents the intensity.

BEST MODE FOR CARRYING OUT THE INVENTION

Embodiments of the present invention will be described below.

From one of viewpoints, the present invention provides a method forpreparing a sample characterized by binding a substance A containing ahydrazide group to a sugar chain and/or a sugar derivative via hydrazoneformation between the hydrazide group of the substance A and thereducing end of the sugar chain and/or the sugar derivative.

The substance A containing a hydrazide group used in the method forpreparing a sample is not particularly limited as long as it contains ahydrazide group (—NHNH—) at the end part. This hydrazide group isreacted with an aldehyde group for forming a specific and stable bondingin an equilibrium between the cyclic hemiacetal type and the non-cyclicaldehyde type formed by the sugar chain in a solution such as an aqueoussolution or the like, thereby enabling to capture the sugar chain.Herein, the sugar chain capture reaction refers to a reaction asillustrated below,

Herein, the substance A may be in the form of either a low-molecularcompound or a solid phase carrier.

When a low-molecular compound is used, it is preferable that thesubstance A contains a moiety consisting of at least one of an arginineresidue, a tryptophan residue, a phenylalanine residue, a tyrosineresidue, a cysteine residue and a derivative thereof from the followingviewpoints.

That is, when the substance A contains an arginine (R) residue, therehave been known that the ionization is accelerated at the time ofmeasurement of MALDI-TOF-MS, and the detection sensitivity is improved.Furthermore, from the fact that tryptophan (W) is a fluorescent aminoacid and is hydrophobic, improvement in the isolation by the reversephase HPLC and improvement in the fluorescence detection sensitivity canbe attempted. Incidentally, when phenylalanine (F) and tyrosine (Y) areused, such a sample is suitable for detection by UV absorption.

Further, when cysteine is used, the substance A containing cysteine canbe bonded to other substance containing a —SH group by an S—S bond usinga thiol group in a side chain. For example, such a substance A can beimmobilized onto the solid phase carrier containing a —SH group.Further, as other example, such a substance A can be used for the ICATmethod (Isotope-Coded Affinity Tags).

As an example of such a substance A, a compound having a structure ofthe following formula (1) can be cited,

wherein, in the formula, R represents —CH₃ or —CD₃.

The compound of the formula (1) can be produced in accordance with thefollowing Scheme 1,

In Scheme 1, the compound (b) can be obtained by subjecting the compound(a) in which the amino group of a tryptophan moiety is protected withthe phenyl group or the like to deprotection by hydrogenation in thepresence of Pd/C. Herein, the tryptophan moiety can also be substitutedby phenylalanine, tyrosine, cysteine or the like.

Subsequently, the amino group in a tryptophan side of the compound (b)is acted on acetic acid (AcOH) in the presence of water-solublecarbodiimide (WSC) and dimethylaminopyridine (DMAP), in a solvent ofdimethylformamide (DMF) for acetylation, whereby the compound (c) isobtained.

Furthermore, hydrazine is acted on the compound (c) in a solvent ofmethanol (MeOH) and a methoxy group of the C terminal end in an arginineside is substituted with a hydrazide group, whereby the compound (d) isobtained as a desired compound of the formula (1).

When a deuterium (D) is introduced into the compound (d), in Scheme 1,the compound (b) is acetylated in the presence of water-solublecarbodiimide (WSC) and dimethylaminopyridine (DMAP), in a solvent ofdimethylformamide (DMF) using deuterated acetic acid (CD3COOH) to obtaina compound in which the amino group in a tryptophan side is acetylatedusing a deuterated acetyl group. Furthermore, hydrazine is acted on thecompound in a solvent of methanol (MeOH) and a methoxy group of the Cterminal end in an arginine side is substituted with a hydrazide group,whereby the compound (e) is obtained as a desired compound of theformula (1).

Meanwhile, as other example of the substance A, a compound having astructure of the following formula (2) can be cited,

wherein, in the formula, R represents any of H, —COCH₃ or —COCD₃.

The compound of the formula (2) can be produced in accordance with thefollowing Scheme 2,

In Scheme 2, firstly, 2-aminobenzoic acid (compound (u)) is acted on acysteine dimer (compound (t)), whereby the compound (v) is obtained.

Acetic anhydride is acted on this compound (v) for acetylating the aminogroup of the 2-aminobenzoyl group, whereby the compound (q) is obtained.At this time, a protinated compound (q-1) is obtained by using thecompound (O) that is acetic anhydride. On the other hand, a deuteratedcompound (q-2) is obtained by using the compound (p) that is deuteratedacetic anhydride.

Subsequently, the compound (q-1) or (q-2) is reacted with hydrazine,whereby the compound (r) is obtained. Incidentally,

when R in the compound (r) is an acetyl group (—COCH3), a hydride (r-1)is obtained. When R is a deuterated acetyl group (—COCD3), a deuteride(r-2) is obtained.

Furthermore, there is obtained a compound containing a hydrazide groupof the formula (2) having a 2-aminobenzoyl group in which the aminogroup is acetylated and cysteine by reducing the compound (r) by use ofa reducing agent such as DTT or the like for cutting off the disulfidebond. Incidentally, when R in the compound (r) is an acetyl group(—COCH3), a hydride (s-1) is obtained. When R is a deuterated acetylgroup (—COCD3), a deuteride (s-2) is obtained.

As described above, by introducing an arginine residue, a tryptophanresidue, a phenylalanine residue, a tyrosine residue, a cysteine residueand a derivative thereof into the substance A, functions such as highsensitivity of mass spectrometry, fluorescence.UV labeling or the likecan be provided to the captured sugar chain.

Further, as illustrated in the formula (2), chromophore or fluorophoreof the 2-aminobenzoyl group or the like may be contained in a molecule.Examples of such a group include aromatic residues having typicalexamples of a benzyl group, a naphthyl group, an anthracenyl group, apyridyl group and the like in addition to the 2-aminobenzoyl group; andsubstituents containing a Dansyl group or a Fmoc group. Such asubstituent is a labeled compound for providing fluorescence, andgenerally used for HPLC analysis of the sugar chain. Accordingly, thesugar chain and/or the sugar derivative captured by using a substance Ainto which this substituent is introduced can be a labeled sample. Byusing this labeled sample, the sugar chain and/or the sugar derivativecaptured by using the substance A is enabled to be analyzed with highresolution and high sensitivity by HPLC employing a reverse phasecolumn.

Furthermore, as explained in the formulae (1) and (2), a deuteratedsubstituent, for example, a deuterated acetyl group or the like may becontained. A sample containing such a deuterated functional group isenabled to perform qualitative and quantitative analysis by enhancingthe detection sensitivity by mass spectrometry.

For example, a deuterated sample by using the substance A of the formula(1) or (2) and a protinated sample are used in combination, wherebyqualitative and quantitative analysis of the sugar chain contained, forexample, in a sample containing an unknown sugar chain (for example,those obtained by treating serum) can be performed by mass spectrometry.

Accordingly, for example, when a sample with the composition and theconcentration already known from the past is deuterium-labeled, anunknown sample is protium-labeled, and both samples are mixed forcarrying out mass spectrometry, it is observed that each peak of thedeuterated sample is shifted towards the high molecular weight as muchas the number of introduced deuteriums rather than each peakcorresponding to the protinated sample. Then, the position (m/z value)and intensity of each peak are analyzed so that the kind of the sugarchain illustrated by each peak of the unknown sample and theconcentration in the sample are found. Such analysis can also beperformed by making a known sample to a protium and an unknown sample toa deuterium.

Furthermore, in this analysis, a sample extracted from a healthy humanis made to a deuterium, and a sample extracted from a disease patient ismade to a protium, or a sample of a healthy human is made to a protiumand a sample of a disease patient is made to a deuterium, whereby thedifference in the kind and amount of the sugar chain contained in bothsamples can be analyzed. Accordingly, such an analytical sample can besuitably used for purposes of the pathological diagnosis on the basis ofa biological reaction participating in the sugar metabolism, medicaltreatment by regulating such a biological reaction, and the like.

Regarding the substance A, the compound having a structure of theformulae (1) and (2) will be described below, but the substance A may bea substance selected from the following or a salt thereof,

(substance A): 5-Dimethylaminonaphthalene-1-sulfonyl hydrazine(Dansylhydrazine); 2-hydrazinopyridine; 9-fluorenylmethyl carbazate(Fmoc hydrazine); benzylhydrazine;4,4-difluoro-5,7-dimethyl-4-bora-3a,4a-diaza-s-indacene-3-propionicacid, hydrazide,2-(6,8-difluoro-7-hydroxy-4-methylcoumarin)acetohydrazide;7-diethylaminocoumarin-3-carboxylic acid, hydrazide (DCCH);phenylhydrazine; 1-Naphthaleneacethydrazide; 2-hydrazinobenzoic acid;biotin hydrazide; and phenylacetic hydrazide.

Further, from the viewpoint that the captured sugar chain is detectedwith high accuracy and high sensitivity, a moiety containing chromophoreor fluorophore may be introduced or a deuterium may be introduced intothese compounds.

Herein, the sugar chain capture reaction, that is, a reaction of thesubstance A with the sugar chain and/or the sugar derivative, is carriedout by introducing the substance A into a sample containing the sugarchain and/or the sugar derivative. The reaction is carried out in thereaction system under conditions of pH of from 4 to 8, and the reactiontemperature of from 4 to 90 degree centigrade, preferably from 25 to 90degree centigrade and more preferably from 40 to 90 degree centigradefor 10 minutes to 24 hours, preferably 10 minutes to 8 hours and morepreferably 10 minutes to 2 hours.

Furthermore, when a solid phase carrier is used, the substance A isrepresented by the following formula (3),

[Chemical Formula 31](Carrier)-R—NHNH₂  (Formula 3)

wherein, in the formula, the carrier represents a polymer matrix; and Rrepresents a hydrocarbon chain having 1 to 20 carbon atoms which may beinterrupted with —O—, —S—, —NH—, —CO— or —CONH—.

In the formula (3), the carrier is a polymer matrix composed of aninorganic substance or an organic polymer substance, and is used in theform of a particle, or a solid phase substrate, or a substance directlybonded to a surface of the solid phase substrate.

Herein, as the inorganic substance which can be used as a carrier, asubstance in the form of a particle can be used, and examples thereofinclude silica particles, alumina particles, glass particles, metalparticles and the like.

Furthermore, examples of the organic polymer substance includepolysaccharide gels having typical examples of agarose and sepharose,polymers of a vinyl compound in the form of a particle, and substancesimmobilized onto a surface of the solid phase substrate. Further, thesurface of the solid phase substrate may be formed by using thesesubstances.

Meanwhile, the polymer particle is preferably in the shape of a sphere,and is a polymer particle having its average particle diameter of equalto or more than 0.1 and equal to or less than 500 μm. The particle ofthe carrier having a particle diameter in such a range is easilysubjected to recovery by centrifugation, filter or the like, and thereaction efficiency with the sugar chain is also considered to be highbecause the particle has a sufficient surface area. When the particlediameter is vastly greater than the above range, the reaction efficiencywith the sugar chain is lowered in some cases since the surface areabecomes small. Furthermore, when the particle diameter is vastly smallerthan the above range, it is particularly difficult to recover theparticle by the filter in some cases. Further, when the particle isfilled in a column and the particle diameter is too small, the pressureloss at the time of passing the fluid is high in some cases.

Furthermore, examples of the solid phase substrate include a microplateand a flat substrate. In this way, an analytical sample can be preparedby applying the substance A to a substrate for a sugar chain microarray.

R represents a hydrocarbon chain having 1 to 20 carbon atoms which maybe interrupted with —O—, —S—, —NH—, —CO— or —CONH—. For example, thefollowing can be cited. In the following formula, a, b and d representan integer of 1 to 5, while c represents an integer of 1 to 10,

Herein, the sugar chain capture reaction may be carried out by fillingthe aforementioned substance A in the form of a particle in a column orthe like and passing through the sample containing the sugar chainand/or the sugar derivative (continuous), or may be carried out byputting this particle into the sample and stirring (batch). Furthermore,the reaction may be carried out by continuously putting the sample intoa reaction vessel filled with particles in advance and stirring(semi-batch).

Furthermore, the substance A represented by the above formula (3) can beobtained by polymerizing a raw material containing a carboxylic acidester monomer having a polymerizable group in the presence of acrosslinking agent for obtaining a polymer particle containingcarboxylic acid ester, and then treating the polymer particle containingcarboxylic acid ester with a hydrazine solution of a concentration ofnot less than 10 volume percentage. Accordingly, from another viewpoint,the present invention provides a method for preparing such a substance Arepresented by the formula (3).

Herein, examples of the carboxylic acid ester monomer includeN-hydroxysuccinimide esters of carboxylic acids and carboxylic acidmethyl esters.

Meanwhile, as the crosslinking agent, a polyfunctional compound, acompound subjected to copolymerization with a carboxylic acid estermonomer, can be suitably used. Examples thereof include (1) di ortri(meth)acrylic esters of polyols, for example, those ones in which thepolyol is ethylene glycol, propylene glycol, trimethylol propane,glycerin, polyoxyethylene glycol, polyoxypropylene glycol, polyglycerinor the like, (2) in the above (1), unsaturated acid esters of polyols inwhich the unsaturated acid is other than (meth)acrylic acid, forexample, maleic acid, fumaric acid or the like, (3) bisacrylamides, forexample, N,N′-methylene bisacrylamide or the like, (4) di- ortri(meth)acrylic esters obtainable by reacting polyepoxides with(meth)acrylic acid, (5) di(meth)acrylic carbamyl esters obtainable byreacting polyisocyanates with (meth)acrylic hydroxyesters, for example,those ones in which the polyisocyanate is tolylene diisocyanate,hexamethylene diisocyanate or the like, and (6) polyvalent allylcompounds, for example, allylated starch, allylated cellulose, diallylphthalate, tetraallyloxyethane, pentaerythritol triallyl ether,trimethylol propane triallyl ether, diethylene glycol diallyl ether,triallyl trimellitate or the like. Of these, ethylene glycoldi(meth)acrylate, propylene glycol di(meth)acrylate, N,N′-methylenebis(meth)acrylamide and the like are preferable for use in the presentinvention.

Namely, the substance A represented by the formula (3) having thefollowing structure can be used.-(hydrazide group-containing compound component)m-(crosslinking agentcomponent)n-

As the substance A having such a structure, those having a crosslinkedpolymer structure represented by the following formula (4) can be cited,

wherein, in the formula, R₁ and R₂ represent a hydrocarbon chain having1 to 20 carbon atoms which may be interrupted with —O—, —S—, —NH—, —CO—or —CONH—; R₃, R₄ and R₅ represent H, CH₃ or a hydrocarbon chain having2 to 5 carbon atoms; and m and n represent the number of monomer units.

R₁ represents a hydrocarbon chain having 1 to 20 carbon atoms which maybe interrupted with —O—, —S—, —NH—, —CO— or —CONH—, and examples thereofinclude the same as those cited in the aforementioned R.

R₂ represents a hydrocarbon chain having 1 to 20 carbon atoms which maybe interrupted with —O—, —S—, —NH—, —CO— or —CONH—, and examples thereofinclude the following. In the following formula, e and f represent aninteger of 1 to 5, while g represents an integer of 1 to 10,

R₃, R₄ and R₅ may each be the same or different, and represent H, CH₃ ora hydrocarbon chain having 2 to 5 carbon atoms. Examples thereof includethe following. In the following formula, h represents an integer of 1 to4,

Herein, as the carboxylic acid ester monomer that is a precursor of thehydrazide group-containing compound component, carboxylic acid methylester monomer represented by the following formula (10) can be suitablyused. Furthermore, as the crosslinking agent component, theaforementioned crosslinking agents can be used,

wherein, in the formula, R₁ represents a hydrocarbon chain having 1 to20 carbon atoms which may be interrupted with —O—, —S—, —NH—, —CO— or—CONH—; and R₂ represents H, CH₃ or a hydrocarbon chain having 2 to 5carbon atoms.

Concrete examples of R₁ and R₂ include the same as those cited in theaforementioned formula (4).

That is, the substance A represented by the formula (4) can be obtainedby polymerizing a monomer having a structure of the formula (10) in thepresence of a crosslinking agent for obtaining a polymer particlecontaining carboxylic acid ester, and then treating the polymer particlecontaining carboxylic acid ester with a hydrazine solution of aconcentration of not less than 10 volume percentage.

From a further viewpoint, the present invention provides a preparationmethod for obtaining a substance A of the formula (4), as describedabove, using a monomer represented by the formula (10), a polymerobtained by polymerizing this monomer and this formula (10).

Furthermore, in this preparation method, when the carboxylic acid estermonomer is used as a starting material, this monomer is polymerized inthe presence of a crosslinking agent to obtain a polymer particle, andthen the polymer particle is treated with a hydrazine solution to obtaina substance A of the formula (4). However, for example, when thehydrazide group-containing monomer of the following formula (13) is usedas a starting material, this monomer is polymerized in the presence ofthe aforementioned crosslinking agent and then subjected todeprotection, whereby a substance A of the formula (4) can also beobtained,

wherein, in the formula, R₂ represents H, CH₃ or a hydrocarbon chainhaving 2 to 5 carbon atoms; R₆ represents a hydrocarbon chain having 1to 20 carbon atoms which may be interrupted with —O—, —S—, —NH—, —CO— or—CONH—; and [P] represents a protective group.

Herein, concrete examples of R₂ include the same as those cited in theaforementioned formula (4).

Furthermore, R₆ represents a hydrocarbon chain having 1 to 20 carbonatoms which may be interrupted with —O—, —S—, —NH—, —CO— or —CONH—, andexamples thereof include the following. In the following formula, i andj represent an integer of 1 to 5,

Furthermore, examples of the protective group [P] in the formula (13)include Boc, Fmoc, Tmoc and the like.

Meanwhile, as a method for deprotecting the protective group [P], ausual acid treatment can be cited.

From a further viewpoint, the present invention provides a preparationmethod for obtaining a substance A of the formula (4), as describedabove, using a monomer represented by the formula (13), a polymerobtained by polymerizing this monomer and, this formula (13).

Furthermore, of the formula (4), as the particularly suitable substanceA, those having a crosslinked polymer structure represented by thefollowing formula (5) can be cited,

wherein, in the formula, m and n represent the number of monomer units.

Herein, as the carboxylic acid ester monomer that is a precursor of thehydrazide group-containing compound component, carboxylic acid methylester monomer represented by the following formula (11) can be suitablyused. Furthermore, as the crosslinking agent component, ethylene glycoldi(meth)acrylate can be used,

That is, the substance A represented by the formula (5) can be obtainedby polymerizing a monomer having a structure of the formula (11) in thepresence of a crosslinking agent for obtaining a polymer particlecontaining carboxylic acid ester, and then treating the polymer particlecontaining carboxylic acid ester with a hydrazine solution of aconcentration of not less than 10 volume percentage.

From a further viewpoint, the present invention provides a preparationmethod for obtaining a substance A of the formula (5), as describedabove, using a monomer represented by the formula (11), a polymerobtained by polymerizing this monomer and, this formula (11).

Furthermore, in this preparation method, when the carboxylic acid estermonomer of the formula (11) is used as a starting material, this monomeris polymerized in the presence of a crosslinking agent to obtain apolymer particle, and then the polymer particle is treated with ahydrazine solution to obtain a substance A of the formula (5). However,for example, when the hydrazide group-containing monomer of thefollowing formula (14) is used as a starting material, this monomer ispolymerized in the presence of the aforementioned crosslinking agent andthen subjected to deprotection, whereby a substance A of the formula (5)can also be obtained,

Furthermore, as a method for deprotecting a t-butoxycarbonyl (Boc) groupthat is a protective group, a usual acid treatment can be cited.

From a further viewpoint, the present invention provides a preparationmethod for obtaining a substance A of the formula (5), as describedabove, using a monomer represented by the formula (14), a polymerobtained by polymerizing this monomer and, this formula (14).

Furthermore, the substance A represented by the formula (3), (4) or (5)is a polymer particle having a hydrazide group of a dry weight of notless than 100 nmol and preferably not less than 0.5 μmol per 1 mg. It ispreferable that the substance is stable at the pH of 3 to 8, stableunder pressure of at least not more than 1 MPa from the viewpoints thata shape of the particle is maintained and the content of the activehydrazide group is not substantially changed. Further, since theparticle is copolymerized with a crosslinking agent, the solubility intoa solvent is lowered, and the physical intensity is sufficientlyobtained. Furthermore, there is no moiety to be cut off at the pH of 3to 8.

From another viewpoint, the present invention provides a method forpreparing a sample which involves the sugar chain capture step includingbinding a substance A to a sugar chain and/or a sugar derivativeaccording to the aforementioned method for preparing a sample, and thesugar chain release step including the action of a substance Bcontaining an aminooxy group or a hydrazide group on a complex of thesubstance A and the sugar chain and/or the sugar derivative captured inthe sugar chain capture step, and binding the aforementioned sugar chainand/or sugar derivative while cut off from the aforementioned substanceA to the substance B according to the hydrazone-oxime exchange reactionor the hydrazone-hydrazone exchange reaction occurred between thecomplex and the substance B.

In the sugar chain capture step of this method, as described above, thesubstance A and the sugar chain and/or the sugar derivative are bondedvia hydrazone formation between the hydrazide group of the substance Aand the reducing end of the sugar chain and/or the sugar derivative,thereby capturing the sugar chain and/or the sugar derivative using thesubstance A.

Subsequently, in the sugar chain release step, as shown in the followingReaction Formula (1), the hydrazone-oxime exchange reaction or thehydrazone-hydrazone exchange reaction is carried out,

Herein, substances as described above can be used for the substance A.

Furthermore, the substance B may be in the form of either alow-molecular compound or a solid phase carrier.

When a low-molecular compound is used, it is preferable that thesubstance B contains a moiety consisting of at least one of an arginineresidue, a tryptophan residue, a phenylalanine residue, a tyrosineresidue, a cysteine residue and a derivative thereof from theaforementioned viewpoints, similar to the substance A.

That is, by an arginine residue or the like contained in the substanceB, improvement in the detection sensitivity at the measurement ofMALDI-TOF-MS, improvement in the reverse phase HPLC isolation,improvement in the fluorescence detection sensitivity and the like canbe designed for the complex of the substance B and the sugar chainand/or the sugar derivative obtained through the sugar chain releasestep.

Examples of such a substance B include a low-molecular compound cited inthe substance A and a compound having a structure represented by thefollowing formula (7). Furthermore, in the formula (7), the tryptophanmoiety can also be substituted by phenylalanine, tyrosine, cysteine orthe like,

wherein, in the formula, R represents —CH₃ or —CD₃.

The compound of the formula (7) can be prepared in according with thefollowing Scheme 3. Incidentally, R is CH₃,

In Scheme 3, the compound (b) (WR-OMe) is obtained by subjecting thecompound in which the amino group of the tryptophan moiety is protectedby the phenyl group or the like to deprotection. Herein, the tryptophanmoiety can also be substituted by phenylalanine, tyrosine or the like.Subsequently, the compound (m) is synthesized by the condensationreaction such as the mixed acid anhydride method or the like of thecompound (b) and Boc-protected hydroxylamine (compound (w)). Aprotective group of this hydroxylamine is not restricted to Boc such asthe compound (w), but may be Fmoc, Troc or the like. Subsequently, bysubjecting the compound (m) to a deprotection procedure, the compound(n) is obtained as the compound of the formula (7), a desired product.As this deprotection procedure, for example, when a protective group isBoc, a procedure by trifluoroacetic acid (TFA) can be cited.

As described above, by introducing an arginine residue, a tryptophanresidue, a phenylalanine residue, a tyrosine residue, a cysteine residueand a derivative thereof to the substance B, the captured sugar chain isenabled to be detected with high accuracy and high sensitivity.

Furthermore, as shown in the formula (7), chromophore or fluorophore ofthe 2-aminobenzoyl group or the like may be contained in a molecule.Examples of such a group include aromatic residues having typicalexamples of a benzyl group, a naphthyl group, an anthracenyl group, apyridyl group and the like in addition to the 2-aminobenzoyl group; andsubstituents containing a Dansyl group or a Fmoc group. Such asubstituent is a labeled compound for providing fluorescence, and isgenerally used for HPLC analysis of the sugar chain. Accordingly, thesugar chain and/or the sugar derivative captured by using the substanceA into which this substituent is introduced can be made into a labeledsample. This labeled sample is used, whereby the sugar chain and/or thesugar derivative captured by using the substance A can be analyzed withhigh resolution and high sensitivity by HPLC employing a reverse phasecolumn.

Furthermore, as described in the formula (7), a deuterated substituent,for example, a deuterated methoxy ester group or the like may becontained. Such a deuterated functional group contained therein enablesto perform quantitative analysis using a difference in the mass numbersmeasured, for example, by mixing a standard substance with a sample at astate of the standard substance with heavy labeling and the sample withlight labeling, in addition to an effect of enhancing the detectionsensitivity by mass spectrometry.

According to this, a complex of the substance B and the sugar chainand/or the sugar derivative obtained through the sugar chain releasestep can also be suitably used for a complex of the aforementionedsubstance A and the sugar chain and/or the sugar derivative.

As for the substance B, a compound having a structure represented by theformula (7) is described, but the substance B may be a substanceselected from the group consisting of the following substancescontaining a hydrazide group or the following substances containing anaminooxy group or a salt,

(Substances containing a hydrazide group)5-Dimethylaminonaphthalene-1-sulfonyl hydrazine (Dansylhydrazine);2-hydrazinopyridine; 9-fluorenylmethyl carbazate (Fmoc hydrazine);benzylhydrazine;4,4-difluoro-5,7-dimethyl-4-bora-3a,4a-diaza-s-indacene-3-propionicacid, hydrazide;2-(6,8-difluoro-7-hydroxy-4-methylcoumarin)acetohydrazide;7-diethylaminocoumarin-3-carboxylic acid, hydrazide (DCCH);phenylhydrazine; 1-Naphthaleneacethydrazide; 2-hydrazinobenzoic acid;and phenylacetic hydrazide, or

(Substances containing an aminooxy group) O-benzylhydroxylamine;O-phenylhydroxylamine; O-(2,3,4,5,6-pentafluorobenzyl)hydroxylamine;O-(4-nitrobenzyl)hydroxylamine; 2-aminooxypyridine;2-aminooxymethylpyridine; 4-[(aminooxyacetyl)amino]benzoic acid methylester; 4-[(aminooxyacetyl)amino]benzoic acid ethyl ester; and4-[(aminooxyacetyl)amino]benzoic acid n-butyl ester.

Further, from the viewpoint that the captured sugar chain is detectedwith high accuracy and high sensitivity, a moiety containing chromophoreor fluorophore may be introduced or a deuterium may be introduced intothese compounds.

Herein, a reaction in the sugar chain release step is carried out byintroducing the substance B into a sample containing the complex of thesubstance A and the sugar chain and/or the sugar derivative. Thereaction is carried out by heating in the pH adjusted to 3 to 8 andpreferably adjusted to 4 to 6 at a temperature of 4 to 90 degreecentigrade and preferably 60 to 90 degree centigrade for 15 minutes to16 hours, preferably 15 minutes to 5 hours and more preferably 30minutes to 3 hours. As a solvent, preferably used is any of water,volatile organic solvents having typical examples of acetonitrile,methanol and the like, or a mixed solvent thereof. More preferably usedis a mixed solvent of water and acetonitrile, and the most preferablyused is a mixed solvent of water and acetonitrile (1:9) containing 2%acetic acid as a pH adjusting agent.

Meanwhile, when a solid phase carrier is used, substances cited in theaforementioned substance A, and substances containing an aminooxy group,for example, represented by the following formula (12) can be suitablyused for the substance B,

[Chemical Formula 45](Carrier)-R—ONH₂  (Formula 12)

wherein, in the formula, the carrier represents a polymer matrix; and Rrepresents a hydrocarbon chain having 1 to 20 carbon atoms which may beinterrupted with —O—, —S—, —NH—, —CO— or —CONH—.

In the formula (12), the carrier is a polymer matrix composed of aninorganic substance or an organic polymer substance, similar to thecarrier described in the formula (3), and is used in the form of aparticle, or a solid phase substrate, or a substance directly bonded toa surface of the solid phase substrate. Furthermore, concrete examplesof R include the same as those cited in the formula (3).

Herein, the exchange reaction of the sugar chain release step may becarried out by adding a solution of the substance B of a low-molecularcompound to the substance A in the form of a particle capturing thesugar chain and/or the sugar derivative introduced into a vessel or thelike. Furthermore, the exchange reaction may also be carried out byintroducing the aforementioned substance B in the form of a particleinto a vessel or the like, and adding a solution of the substance A of alow-molecular compound capturing the sugar chain and/or the sugarderivative. Or, the exchange reaction may be carried out such that thesolution of the substance B of a low-molecular compound may be passingthrough the substance A in the form of a particle capturing the sugarchain and/or the sugar derivative filled in a column or the like.Further, the exchange reaction may also be carried out such that theaforementioned substance B in the form of a particle is filled in acolumn or the like through which the solution of the substance A of alow-molecular compound capturing the sugar chain and/or the sugarderivative is passed. Also, the exchange reaction may also be carriedout such that the substance B of a low-molecular compound is introducedinto the solution of the substance A of a low-molecular compoundcapturing the sugar chain and/or the sugar derivative.

In the complex of the substance B and the sugar chain and/or the sugarderivative obtained by this exchange reaction, the substance B and thesugar chain and/or the sugar derivative are bonded by a hydrazone bondwhen a substance having a hydrazide group is used as a substance B, andby an oxime bond when a substance having an aminooxy group is used asthe substance B.

As the substance B represented by the formula (12), a polymer particlehaving a structure represented by the following formula (8) can besuitably used,

wherein, in the formula, R₁ and R₂ represent a hydrocarbon chain having1 to 20 carbon atoms which may be interrupted with —O—, —S—, —NH—, —CO—or —CONH—; R₃, R₄ and R₅ represent H, CH₃ or a hydrocarbon chain having2 to 5 carbon atoms; and m and n represent the number of monomer units.Furthermore, concrete examples of R1 to R5 include the same as thosecited in the formula (4).

Furthermore, as such a polymer particle represented by the formula (8),a polymer particle having a structure represented by the followingformula (9) can be suitably used,

wherein, in the formula, m and n represent the number of monomer units.

Furthermore, it is preferable that the substance B represented by theformula (12), (8) or (9) is stable at the pH of 3 to 8 and stable underpressure of at least not more than 1 MPa from the viewpoints of the useof a sugar chain-capturing carrier and the use of a solid phasesubstrate.

Further, after the completion of the aforementioned sugar chain releasestep, the hydrazone-oxime exchange reaction or the hydrazone-hydrazoneexchange reaction may be carried out at least one or more times.According to this, a labeled sample can be obtained by the action of thesubstance B composed of any optional labeled compound on the releasedsugar chain and/or the released sugar derivative so that the sample canbe applied to the planned analysis method.

Herein, the method for obtaining a labeled sample by releasing thecaptured sugar chain using a sugar chain-capturing substance. However,according to the following method, a non-labeled sample can be obtained,and the present invention provides such a method for preparing a sampleas well.

Such a method for preparing a sample is characterized in that thehydrazone bond is dissociated and the sugar chain and/or the sugarderivative is released by treating the substance A having a structurerepresented by the above formula (3), (4) or (5) under acidic conditionsto which the sugar chain and/or the sugar derivative is bonded.

The treatment under acidic conditions at this time is carried out usinga trifluoroacetic acid solution of 0.01 to 10 volume percentage andpreferably a trifluoroacetic acid solution of 0.01 to 1 volumepercentage at 25 to 80 degree centigrade for 5 to 60 minutes.

The thus-obtained analytical sample composed of the sugar chain sampleis not labeled, and is useful for the application of those which may notbe labeled.

In this way, it is possible to perform the separation and purificationof the sugar chain and/or the sugar derivative for an analytical samplefrom a biological sample containing the sugar chain and/or the sugarderivative by a simple operation. From a further viewpoint, the presentinvention provides an analytical sample obtained by this method forpreparing an analytical sample.

Furthermore, from another viewpoint, the present invention provides theuse of the method for preparing a sample including the step of capturingthe sugar chain by using the substance A. That is, the present inventionprovides a method of applying a solid phase carrier onto which a sugarchain and/or a sugar derivative obtained by subjecting a mixture or aspecific fraction from the mixture to the isolation and purification isimmobilized as a carrier for collecting a substance having a bondingproperty or affinity to the sugar chain and/or the sugar derivative.

In this application method, firstly, the sample containing the sugarchain and/or the sugar derivative may be used by subjecting a mixture ora specific fraction from the mixture to the isolation and purification.Furthermore, using a solid phase carrier as the substance A, the samplesolution is passing through this solid phase carrier so that the sugarchain and/or the sugar derivative in this sample is bonded to thehydrazide group or the aminooxy group of the solid phase carrier andimmobilized thereonto.

Subsequently, by the action of the sample (hereinafter referred to as aspecimen sample) collected from a specimen for performing diagnosis orexamination on this solid phase carrier, a substance having a bondingproperty or affinity to the sugar chain and/or the sugar derivativecontained in this specimen sample, for example, a sugar binding proteinsuch as lectin or the like is collected. In this way, the solid phasecarrier onto which the sugar chain and/or the sugar derivative in thespecimen sample is immobilized, and can be used as a carrier forcollecting lectin or the like in the specimen sample.

Further, the collected substance is detected and quantitativelyanalyzed, whereby it is possible to perform the more advanced analysisof the relationship between the sugar chain and those of specimen celldifferentiation, population growth, cell adhesion, immunity and amalignant change (cancer) of cells.

Furthermore, from another viewpoint, the present invention provides theuse of the method for preparing a sample including the sugar chaincapture step and the sugar chain release step.

From one viewpoint, the present invention provides a method forpreparing a sugar chain microarray.

That is, in this method for preparing a sugar chain microarray, thesugar chain and/or the sugar derivative is immobilized onto a surface ofthe solid phase substrate composed of a solid phase carrier including asubstance B having a structure represented by the following formula (3)or (12) according to the following steps (1) to (4),

[Chemical Formula 48](Carrier)-R—NHNH₂  (Formula 3)

wherein, in the formula, the carrier represents a polymer matrix; and Rrepresents a hydrocarbon chain having 1 to 20 carbon atoms which may beinterrupted with —O—, —S—, —NH—, —CO— or —CONH—,

[Chemical Formula 49](Carrier)-R—ONH₂  (Formula 12)

wherein, in the formula, the carrier represents a polymer matrix; and Rrepresents a hydrocarbon chain having 1 to 20 carbon atoms which may beinterrupted with —O—, —S—, —NH—, —CO— or —CONH—.

Incidentally, concrete examples of these substances include the same asthose cited above.

(step 1) a step of purifying and/or isolating the sugar chain and/or thesugar derivative by a specific separation means by binding the sugarchain and/or the sugar derivative to a compound containing a solublehydrazide group,

(step 2) a step of dispensing drops of a solution of the compoundobtained in the step (1) in a row onto the aforementioned solid phasesubstrate,

(step 3) a step of proceeding a reaction of exchanging a sugarchain-substance A bond with a solid phase substrate-sugar chain bond byincubating the solid phase substrate after the completion of dispensingdrops under prescribed conditions, and immobilizing the sugar chainand/or the sugar derivative onto the solid phase substrate, and

(step 4) a step of washing and removing the unreacted substance on thesolid phase substrate.

In the step (1), by reacting the aforementioned sugar chain and/or thesugar derivative with the substance A for capturing the sugar chainand/or the sugar derivative using the substance A, the sugar chainand/or the sugar derivative is purified and/or isolated by using aspecific separation means, for example, a technique such aschromatography or the like. In the step (2), drops of the sugar chainand/or the sugar derivative obtained in the step (1) are dispersed ontothe solid phase substrate in a row. In the step (3), the exchangereaction illustrated in the aforementioned Reaction Formula (1) iscarried out by incubating the solid phase substrate under conditions of,for example, pH of 5, a temperature of 60 to 90 degree centigrade and areaction time of 1 to 16 hours. As a result, the sugar chain and/or thesugar derivative is immobilized onto the solid phase substrate. In thestep (4), the unreacted substance in the step (3) is washed and removedby a usual method using a buffer or the like.

From a further viewpoint, the present invention provides a sugar chainmicroarray obtained by such a method. This sugar chain microarray can beused as a carrier for collecting a substance which interacts, forexample, with the sugar chain and/or the sugar derivative contained inthe specimen sample. Accordingly, identification, quantitative analysisor the like of the collected substance can be performed.

From a further viewpoint, the present invention provides the use of thesugar chain microarray.

For example, a solution containing the specimen is brought into contactwith a surface of this sugar chain microarray for incubating underprescribed conditions and washing, and then a sugar-binding substancecollected at the sugar chain and/or the sugar derivative of adrop-dispersed region on the solid phase substrate is detected, wherebya system for searching the sugar-binding substance for specificallybinding to or adsorbing the immobilized sugar chain and/or theimmobilized sugar derivative is provided.

In this search system, in accordance with the aforementioned method, thesolution containing a specimen (sample) is introduced into the solidphase substrate onto which the sugar chain and/or the sugar derivativeis immobilized from an inlet tube or the like, and the specimen sampleis brought into contact with the sugar chain and/or the sugarderivative.

Furthermore, in a state that the specimen sample is brought into contactwith the sugar chain and/or the sugar derivative, the solid phasesubstrate is incubated. Incubation at this time is carried out underconditions of, for example, pH of 4 to 10, a temperature of 37 degreecentigrade and a reaction time of 1 to 16 hours.

As a result of incubation, the sugar-binding substance collected at thesugar chain and/or the sugar derivative, for example, protein such aslectin or the like is detected. As the detection method and means atthis time, when the sugar-binding substance can be directly fluorescentdyed, fluorescence is measured by using a fluorescent scanner after thecompletion of dyeing, whereby the substance is detected; and when asugar-binding substance is already known and is bonded to a specificantibody, the antibody is bonded, whereby the substance is detected.Further, when a sugar-binding substance is protein, the method is notrestricted thereto, and other general methods for detecting protein canbe applied.

According to this system, the collected sugar-binding substance isdetected, whereby the sugar-binding substance for specifically bindingto or adsorbing the immobilized sugar chain and/or the immobilized sugarderivative can be searched. According to this, it is possible to performthe more advanced analysis of the relationship between the sugar chainand specimen cell differentiation, population growth, cell adhesion,immunity and a malignant change (cancer) in cells.

Further, there is provided a system for evaluating the recognitionspecificity of a binding protein, for example, as the use of theaforementioned sugar chain microarray, by bringing a solution containinga specimen into contact with a surface of the sugar chain microarray,collecting a sugar binding protein in the specimen at the sugar chainand/or the sugar derivative of a drop-dispersed region on the solidphase substrate, and quantitatively analyzing the collected amount by aprescribed means, for example, fluorescence, color development or thelike.

As described above, the sugar binding protein in the specimen sample iscollected at the sugar chain microarray composed of the solid phasesubstrate onto which the sugar chain and/or the sugar derivative isimmobilized, and the collected amount is quantitatively analyzed.

According to this system, based on the result, the recognitionspecificity of the binding protein can be evaluated.

Furthermore, from another viewpoint, the present invention provides amethod for preparing sugar chain affinity beads as the use of the methodfor preparing a sample including the sugar chain capture step and thesugar chain release step.

That is, the method for preparing sugar chain affinity beads includesimmobilizing the sugar chain and/or the sugar derivative onto thesurface of the polymer composed of the solid phase carrier consisting ofthe substance B having a structure represented by the following formula(3) or (12),

[Chemical Formula 50](carrier)-R—NHNH₂  (Formula 3)

wherein, in the formula, the carrier represents a polymer matrix; and Rrepresents a hydrocarbon chain having 1 to 20 carbon atoms which may beinterrupted with —O—, —S—, —NH—, —CO— or —CONH—,

[Chemical Formula 51](carrier)-R—ONH₂  (Formula 12)

wherein, in the formula, the carrier represents a polymer matrix; and Rrepresents a hydrocarbon chain having 1 to 20 carbon atoms which may beinterrupted with —O—, —S—, —NH—, —CO— or —CONH—.

Incidentally, concrete examples of these substances include the same asthose described above.

Furthermore, in the method for preparing the sugar chain affinity beads,the sugar chain and/or the sugar derivative may be immobilized onto thesurface of the polymer particle according to the following steps (1) to(3),

(step 1) a step of purifying and/or isolating the sugar chain and/or thesugar derivative by a specific separation means by binding the sugarchain and/or the sugar derivative to a compound containing a solublehydrazide group,

(step 2) a step of immobilizing the sugar chain and/or the sugarderivative onto the polymer particle by bringing the compound obtainedin the step (1) into contact with the polymer particle and incubatingunder prescribed conditions for exchanging a sugar chain-hydrazidegroup-containing compound bond with a sugar chain-polymer particle bond,and

(step 3) a step of washing and removing the unreacted substance on thepolymer particle.

In the step (1), by reacting the aforementioned sugar chain and/or thesugar derivative with the substance A for capturing the sugar chainand/or the sugar derivative using the substance A, the sugar chainand/or the sugar derivative is purified and/or isolated by using aspecific separation means, for example, a technique such aschromatography or the like. Incidentally, concrete examples of theconditions of the sugar chain capture reaction at this time includeconditions of pH of 4 to 7, a reaction temperature at 25 to 90 degreecentigrade and a reaction time for 1 to 16 hours, specifically pH of 5,a reaction temperature at 80 degree centigrade and a reaction time for 1hour.

In the step (2), the exchange reaction illustrated in the aforementionedReaction Formula (1) is carried out by brining the sugar chain and/orthe sugar derivative obtained in the step (1) into contact with thepolymer particle and incubating the solid phase substrate under specificconditions of, for example, pH of 4 to 7, a temperature at 25 to 90degree centigrade and a reaction time for 1 to 16 hours, specifically pHof 5, a temperature at 80 degree centigrade and a reaction time for 1hour. As a result, the sugar chain and/or the sugar derivative isimmobilized onto the polymer particle. In the step (3), the unreactedsubstance in the step (2) is washed and removed by a usual method usinga buffer or the like.

Incidentally, the sugar chain and/or the sugar derivative is captured byusing the substance A having a hydrazide group in advance and theexchange reaction is carried out by using the substance B, whereby sugarchain affinity beads are prepared. The procedure for preparing sugarchain affinity beads is not restricted thereto. The sample containingthe sugar chain and/or the sugar derivative is directly brought intocontact with the polymer particle prepared using the solid phase carrierconsisting of the substance B, whereby the sugar chain affinity beadsmay be prepared.

From a further viewpoint, the present invention provides sugar chainaffinity beads obtained in accordance with such a method. Further, thepresent invention provides a system for isolating the sugar-bindingsubstance for the use of the sugar chain affinity beads.

That is, in the system for isolating the sugar-binding substance, asolution containing the specimen (sample) is brought into contact withthe aforementioned sugar chain affinity beads for incubating underprescribed conditions and washing, and then the captured sugar-bindingsubstance is isolated.

In this system, firstly, a solution containing the specimen sample isbrought into contact with the sugar chain affinity beads for incubatingin a buffer solution containing Ca²⁺ and Mg²⁺ under specific conditionsof, for example, pH of 4 to 10, a temperature at 37 degree centigradeand a reaction time for 1 to 16 hours, whereby a sugar-binding substanceis collected at the sugar chain and/or the sugar derivative which isimmobilized onto a surface of the sugar chain affinity beads.Furthermore, the surface of the sugar chain affinity beads at which thesugar-binding substance is collected is washed by the usual washingprocedure using a buffer or the like.

Furthermore, the collected sugar-binding substance is isolated from thesugar chain affinity beads. At this time, as a method for releasing thesugar-binding substance from the sugar chain affinity beads, there canbe exemplified, for example, a method including adding an organicsolvent such as methanol or the like and separating a sugar and asugar-binding substance; a method including adding a solution of haptensugar of a high concentration (0.1 to 1M) and separating a sugar-bindingsubstance, i.e., transferring lectin to the added sugar of a highconcentration; and the like.

As described above, the method for preparing a sample of the presentinvention can be applied to various purposes.

EXAMPLES

The present invention is now illustrated in detail below with referenceto the following Experimental Examples. However, the present inventionis not restricted to these Experimental Examples.

Experimental Example 1

(A) Preparation of Hydrazide Group-Containing Compound

Low-Molecular Hydrazide Compound

1. Commercial products were used for the following hydrazide compounds,

5-Dimethylaminonaphthalene-1-sulfonyl hydrazine (Dansylhydrazine);2-hydrazinopyridine; 9-fluorenylmethyl carbazate (Fmoc hydrazine);benzylhydrazine;4,4-difluoro-5,7-dimethyl-4-bora-3a,4a-diaza-s-indacene-3-propionicacid, hydrazide (BODIPY™ FL hydrazide);2-(6,8-difluoro-7-hydroxy-4-methylcoumarin)acetohydrazide (Marina Blue™hydrazide); 7-diethylaminocoumarin-3-carboxylic acid, hydrazide (DCCH);phenylhydrazine; 1-Naphthaleneacethydrazide; and 2-hydrazinobenzoicacid.

2. Synthesis of AcWRh (Substance A)

AcWRh was synthesized through the route illustrated in theaforementioned Scheme 1 (incidentally, Ac represents an acetyl group, Wrepresents a tryptophan residue, R represents an arginine residue, and hrepresents a hydrazide group).

(1) Synthesis of WR-OMe (Compound (b))

Methanol (5 ml) was added to Z-WR-OMe (a) (10 mg, 20 mmol) and 10% Pd/C(10 mg), and the resulting mixture was stirred in a hydrogen gasatmosphere at room temperature for 2 hours. The reaction solution wasfiltered using an aqueous membrane filter to remove Pd/C and thefiltrate was concentrated under a reduced pressure, whereby a desiredcompound (b) (WR-OMe) was obtained. By the analysis according toMALDI-TOF-MS, a desired product, the [M+H]⁺ ion was observed at m/z:376.

(2) Synthesis of AcWROMe (c)

WR-OMe (b) (53 mg, 0.14 mmol) was dissolved in 1 ml of DMF, and WSC (40mg, 0.20 mmol), DMAP (5 mg, 0.041 mmol) and acetic acid (200 μl) wereadded thereto. The resulting mixture was stirred at room temperature for3 hours. Furthermore, WSC (50 mg, 0.26 mmol) was added and stirred allnight. The reaction solution was concentrated, and the obtained residuewas purified by silica gel column chromatography(chloroform:methanol=1:1), whereby a desired AcWROMe was obtained.

1H NMR (500 MHz, CD3OD) δ7.70-7.00 (m, 5H, indole), 3.62 (s, 3H, OMe),1.93 (s, 3H, Ac).

(3) Synthesis of AcWRh (d)

10 mg of AcWROMe was dissolved in 10% hydrazine/methanol (5 ml), and theresulting solution was reacted at room temperature for 12 hours and thenconcentrated, whereby AcWRh (d) was prepared. By the analysis accordingto MALDI-TOF MS, a desired product, the [M+H]⁺ ion was observed at m/z:416.89.

On the other hand, according to the above procedure, d-AcWRh (e) inwhich an acetyl group was substituted by a deuterium was prepared.

d-AcWROMe: 1H NMR (500 MHz, CD3OD) δ7.59-6.99 (m, 5H, indole), 3.62 (s,3H, OMe), 1.93 (s, 3H, Ac), d-AcWRh: MALDI-TOF-MS [M+H]+ m/z: 419.94

Synthesis of Hydrazide Group-Containing Polymer Beads

1. Synthesis of Methyl Ester-Containing Monomer

A methyl ester-containing monomer was synthesized through the routeillustrated in the following Scheme 4,

(1) Synthesis of Compound (H)

A solution prepared by dissolving methacrylic anhydride (MAH: 5 g, 0.03mol) (f) in 100 ml of chloroform was put dropwise, on an ice bath, to asolution prepared by dissolving 25 g of (ethylenedioxy)bis(ethylamine)(EDBEA: 25 g, 0.17 mol) (g) in 100 ml of chloroform. The resultingmaterial was filled with nitrogen and the content was stirred all night.The residue obtained by evaporating a solvent from the obtained reactionsolution was applied to silica gel column chromatography (developmentsolvent: mixed solvent of 90 volume % chloroform/10 volume % methanol)for taking out a prescribed fraction, and the solvent was evaporatedfrom this fraction, whereby a compound (h) was obtained.

(2) Synthesis of Compound (j)

To a solution prepared by dissolving 5 g of the compound (h) (0.023 mol)in 100 ml of chloroform were added 1.5 equivalents of monomethylsuccinate (i) and 1.5 equivalents of a water-soluble carbodiimidecompound (WSC), i.e., 1-ethyl-3-(3-dimethylaminopropyl)carbodiimide. Thereaction vessel was tightly sealed and filled with nitrogen, and thecontent was stirred all night. The residue obtained by evaporating asolvent from the obtained reaction solution was applied to silica gelcolumn chromatography (development solvent: mixed solvent of 90 volume %chloroform/10 volume % methanol) for taking out a prescribed fraction,and the solvent was evaporated from this fraction, whereby a compound(j) was obtained.

Furthermore, the obtained substance was confirmed to be the compound (j)by NMR and a matrix-assisted laser-desorption ionized time-of-flightmass spectrometer (MALDI-TOF-MS).

2. Synthesis of Methyl Ester-Containing Polymer

A polymer particle containing methyl ester was synthesized through theroute illustrated in the following Scheme 5,

Into a three-necked flask was introduced 25 ml of a 5% aqueous solutionof polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) and purged with nitrogen. A mixture composedof 1 g (2.6 mmol) of the compound (j), ethylene glycol dimethacrylate(k) (EGDMA: 5 mol % with respect to (j)) and 1 ml of chloroform wasintroduced into said three-necked flask, and the reaction solution wasstirred while the temperature was maintained at 60 degree centigrade todisperse the compound (j) and EGDMA, which were monomers contained inthe mixture, in the aqueous PVA solution. Subsequently, to startpolymerization, azobisisobutyronitrile (AIBN) was added as apolymerization initiator in an amount of 3 weight % with respect to themonomer. The reaction was carried out at 60 degree centigrade for 16hours, and then the resultant polymer particles were collected bycentrifugation and washed with methanol and water.

3. Introduction of Hydrazide Group

400 mg of a polymer particle was taken in a vessel, 4 ml of hydrazinemonohydrate was added, and the resulting mixture was stirred and allowedto stand at room temperature for 2 hours. After the reaction, hydrazinemonohydrate was removed, and the resulting reactant was washed withmethanol, and then rinsed with 1M hydrochloric acid. Thereafter, theresulting reactant was further washed with pure water.

4. Quantitative Analysis of Amount of Functional Group

1 mg of a polymer particle was taken in a vessel. 1 μmol ofN-acetyl-D-lactosamine (LacNAc) was added thereto, and 180 μl ofacetonitrile containing 2% acetic acid was further added. The resultingmaterial was heated at 80 degree centigrade for 45 minutes, wherebyLacNAc and a hydrazide group on beads were reacted. Beads were rinsedwith pure water so that the unreacted sugar chain was recovered andquantitatively analyzed by the measurement of MALDI-TOF-MS (internalstandard method) to obtain the bonding amount of LacNAc with beads. Itwas found that 0.86 μmol (860 nmol) of LacNAc was bonded per 1 mg ofbeads.

Commercial Hydrazide Group-Containing Beads

Affi-Gel Hz manufactured by Bio-Rad Co., Ltd. was used as it was.

1. Quantitative Analysis of Amount of Functional Group 50 μl (16.5 mg asa dry weight of beads) of a dispersion of Affi-Gel Hz was taken in avessel. 1 μmol of LacNAc was added thereto, and 180 μl of acetonitrilecontaining 2% acetic acid was further added. The resulting material washeated at 80 degree centigrade for 45 minutes, whereby LacNAc and ahydrazide group on beads were reacted. Beads were rinsed with pure waterso that the unreacted sugar chain was recovered and quantitativelyanalyzed by the measurement of MALDI-TOF-MS (internal standard method)to obtain the bonding amount of LacNAc with beads. It was found thatabout 8 nmol of LacNAc was bonded per 1 mg of beads (dry weight).

(B) Synthesis of Aminooxy Group-Containing Compound

Synthesis of Aminooxy Group-Containing Low-Molecular Compound aoWR

aoWR (compound (n)) was synthesized according to the aforementioned.Scheme 3 (ao represents an aminooxy group).

(1) Synthesis of Boc-NHOCH2CO—W—R-OMe (Compound (m))

A THF (6 ml) solution of Boc aminooxyacetic acid (1) (2.5 mmol) wascooled down to −20 degree centigrade. Next, N-methylmorpholine (3.0mmol) and isobutyl formate (3.0 mmol) were added thereto, and theresulting mixture was stirred for 15 minutes, whereby a mixed acidanhydride was prepared. The reaction solution was at a temperature of 0degree centigrade, the compound (b) (WR-OMe (3.0 mmol)) was dissolved inwater (3 ml), and sodium hydrogen carbonate (3.0 mmol) was added toprepare a WR-OMe solution. The WR-OMe solution was mixed with anotherreaction solution and the resulting mixture was stirred for 1 hour. Thereaction solution was concentrated under a reduced pressure, and theobtained residue was purified by silica gel column chromatography,whereby a desired compound (m) (Boc-NHOCH2CO—W—R-OMe) was obtained. Bythe analysis according to MALDI-TOF-MS, a desired product, the [M+H]+ion was observed at m/z: 547.

(2) Synthesis of NH2OCH2CO—W—R-OMe (Compound (n))

To the compound (m) was added trifluoroacetic acid (TFA) (2 ml), and theresulting mixture was stirred at −20 degree centigrade for 2 hours. Thereaction solution was concentrated under a reduced pressure, toluene wasadded and the reaction solution was repeatedly azeotroped to remove TFA,whereby a desired compound (n) was obtained. By the analysis accordingto MALDI-TOF-MS, a desired product, the [M+H]+ ion was observed at m/z:448.

On the other hand, in accordance with the above procedure, aoWR (H) inwhich hydrogen of a methyl group was protium and aoWR (D) in whichhydrogen was deuterium were prepared.

Synthesis of Aminooxy Group-Containing Polymer Beads

A polymer particle containing an aminooxy group was prepared accordingto the method as described in Patent Document: International PublicationPamphlet No. 2005/097844.

Experimental Example 2 Preparation of Sugar Chain Sample

(1) Preparation of Glycoprotein Sugar Chain

Fetuin was used as glycoprotein or ribonuclease B was used as a sample.10 mg of glycoprotein was taken in a vessel and dissolved in a 50 mMammonium bicarbonate solution. A small amount of a surface active agentwas added thereto and the reaction solution was incubated at 60 degreecentigrade for 30 minutes, and then 10 units of N-glycosidase F (aproduct of Roche) were added, and the resulting solution was incubatedat 37 degree centigrade for 16 hours, whereby a sugar chain wasreleased.

(2) Preparation of Glycoprotein Sugar Chain Contained in Serum

5 mL of normal serum was taken in a vessel and dissolved in a 50 mMammonium bicarbonate solution. A small amount of a surface active agentwas added thereto and the reaction solution was incubated at 60 degreecentigrade for 30 minutes, and then 5 units of N-glycosidase F (aproduct of Roche) were added, and the resulting solution was incubatedat 37 degree centigrade for 16 hours, whereby a sugar chain wasreleased.

Experimental Example 3

Reaction of Low-Molecular Hydrazide Compound with Sugar Chain

(1) Reaction of Commercial Hydrazide Compound with Sugar Chain

The hydrazide compound of Experimental Example 1 (A) with aconcentration of 10 mM was dissolved in methanol or acetonitrile toobtain a hydrazide compound solution. To the fetuin sugar chain solutionof Experimental Example 2(1) (corresponding to 500 μmol) were added 1 μlof a hydrazide compound solution and further 100 μl of acetonitrile. Thereaction solution was heated at 80 degree centigrade for 45 minutes,whereby the sugar chain and the hydrazide compound were reacted. Theproduct after the completion of the reaction was measured byMALDI-TOF-MS.

FIG. 1 illustrates a MALDI-TOF-MS chart when 2-hydrazinopyridine wastypically used, whereas a peak was observed at the position indicatingthe molecular weight of the sugar chain (in the figure, a structurerepresented in a schematic view) and 2-hydrazinopyridine bonded to eachother. The same results were also obtained when other compounds wereused.

(2) Reaction of AcWRh with Sugar Chain

AcWRh of Experimental Example 1(A) was dissolved to the concentration of10 mM in methanol or acetonitrile to obtain a hydrazide compoundsolution. The serum sugar chain solution (corresponding to 5 μl ofserum) of Experimental Example 2(2) was taken in a vessel. 1 μl of thehydrazide compound solution was added thereto and 100 μl of acetonitrilewas further added. The resulting material was heated at 80 degreecentigrade for 45 minutes, whereby the sugar chain and the hydrazidecompound (AcWRh) were reacted. The product after the completion of thereaction was measured by MALDI-TOF-MS.

FIG. 2 illustrates a MALDI-TOF-MS chart, whereas a peak was observed atthe position indicating the molecular weight of the sugar chain (in thefigure, a structure represented in a schematic view) and AcWRh bonded toeach other.

Experimental Example 4

Reaction of Hydrazide Group-Containing Polymer Beads with Sugar Chain

2.5 mg of the polymer beads containing a hydrazide group of ExperimentalExample 1 (A) was measured in a vessel. The serum sugar chain solution(corresponding to 5 μl of serum) of Experimental Example 2(2) was added,and 180 μl of acetonitrile containing 2% acetic acid was further added.The resulting material was heated at 80 degree centigrade for 45minutes, whereby the sugar chain and a hydrazide group on beads werereacted. Beads were rinsed with a small amount of pure water so that theunreacted sugar chain was recovered and quantitatively analyzed by themeasurement of MALDI-TOF-MS (internal standard method). As a result, itwas found that 80 to 90% sugar chain was bonded to beads. Thereafter,beads were washed with a 0.5% aqueous solution of sodium dodecyl sulfate(SDS), 50% methanol, an aqueous solution of 4M guanidine and pure water,and supplied to the experiment of re-releasing of the sugar chain to bedescribed below.

Experimental Example 5 Preparation of Labeled Sugar Chain

(1) Bonding of AcWRh (d), AcWRh (e) and Sugar Chain

To an aqueous chitotriose solution was added 10 equivalents of AcWRh (d)or d-AcWRh (e) of Experimental Example 1(A), and the pH was adjusted to5 with acetic acid. The reaction solution was heated at 90 degreecentigrade for 1 hour, whereby a labeled chitotriose-AcWRh (d) and alabeled chitotriose-d-AcWRh (e) were obtained.

(2) Bonding of aoWR (H), aoWR (D) and Sugar Chain

To an aqueous chitotriose solution was added 10 equivalents of aoWR (H)or aoWR (D) of Experimental Example 1(B), and the pH was adjusted to 5with acetic acid. The reaction solution was heated at 90 degreecentigrade for 1 hour, whereby a labeled chitotriose-aoWR was obtained.

Experimental Example 6

Liquid Phase Exchange Reaction of Functional Groups

In the following exchange reaction, the sugar chain labeled with ahydrazide group-containing compound was reacted with an aminooxygroup-containing compound (or a hydrazide group-containing compound),whereby label was transferred by the hydrazone-oxime exchange (orhydrazone-hydrazone exchange). By comparison, as for the sugar chainlabeled with an aminooxy group-containing compound, label was alsoattempted to be transferred. The progress of the reaction was confirmedby MALDI-TOF-MS.

(A) Exchange Reaction of Functional Groups

(1) Hydrazone-Hydrazone Exchange Reaction

To a solution of the labeled chitotriose-AcWRh (d) of ExperimentalExample 5(1) was added 10 equivalents of d-AcWRh (e) of ExperimentalExample 1(A), and the pH was adjusted to 5 with acetic acid. Thereaction solution was heated at 90 degree centigrade for 1 hour, andthen a part of the reaction solution was taken out and mixed with thelabeled chitotriose-aoWR (H) of Experimental Example 5(2) with a knownconcentration as an internal standard. This resulting mixture wasanalyzed by MALDI-TOF-MS, and a ratio of the labeled chitotriose-AcWRh(d) contained in the reaction solution to the labeledchitotriose-d-AcWRh (e) obtained in this reaction was calculated.

(2) Hydrazone-Oxime Exchange Reaction

To a solution of the labeled chitotriose-AcWRh (d) of ExperimentalExample 5(1) was added 10 equivalents of aoWR (H) of ExperimentalExample 1(B), and the pH was adjusted to 5 with acetic acid. Thereaction solution was heated at 90 degree centigrade for 1 hour, andthen a part of the reaction solution was taken out and mixed with thelabeled chitotriose-aoWR (D) of Experimental Example 5(2) with a knownconcentration as an internal standard. This resulting mixture wasanalyzed by MALDI-TOF-MS, and a ratio of the labeled chitotriose-AcWRh(d) contained in the reaction solution to the labeled chitotriose-aoWR(H) obtained in this reaction was calculated.

(3) Oxime-Hydrazone Exchange Reaction

To a solution of the labeled chitotriose-aoWR (H) of ExperimentalExample 5(2) was added 10 equivalents of AcWRh (d) of ExperimentalExample 1(A), and the pH was adjusted to 5 with acetic acid. Thereaction solution was heated at 90 degree centigrade for 1 hour, andthen a part of the reaction solution was taken out and mixed with thelabeled chitotriose-d-AcWRh (e) of Experimental Example 5(1) with aknown concentration as an internal standard. This resulting mixture wasanalyzed by MALDI-TOF-MS, and a ratio of the labeled chitotriose-aoWR(H) contained in the reaction solution to the chitotriose-AcWRh (d)obtained in this reaction was calculated.

(4) Oxime-Oxime Exchange Reaction

To a solution of the labeled chitotriose-aoWR (H) of ExperimentalExample 5(2) was added 10 equivalents of aoWR (D) of ExperimentalExample 1 (B), and the pH was adjusted to 5 with acetic acid. Thereaction solution was heated at 90 degree centigrade for 1 hour, andthen a part of the reaction solution was taken out and mixed with thelabeled chitotriose-AcWRh (d) of Experimental Example 5(1) with a knownconcentration as an internal standard. This resulting mixture wasanalyzed by MALDI-TOF-MS, and a ratio of the chitotriose-aoWR (H)contained in the reaction solution to the chitotriose-aoWR (D) obtainedin this reaction was calculated.

(B) Study of Exchange Reaction of Functional Groups

FIG. 3 is a graph illustrating the yields of the exchange reactions ofthe above 4 patterns.

It was found that the efficiency of the hydrazone-hydrazone exchangereaction and the hydrazone-oxime exchange reaction was higher than thatof the oxime-hydrazone exchange reaction and the oxime-oxime exchangereaction. That is, the hydrazone bond was easily subjected to theexchange reaction rather than the oxime bond. Furthermore, it was alsofound that the hydrazone-oxime exchange proceeded with good efficiencyrather than the hydrazone-hydrazone exchange.

Experimental Example 7

Exchange Reaction from Solid Phase to Liquid Phase

(A) Comparison of Exchange Reaction Efficiency

From the results of liquid phase exchange reaction in ExperimentalExample 6, it was found that the hydrazone-oxime exchange proceeded themost efficiently. As shown below, the efficiency of the exchangereaction from solid phase to liquid phase was also compared in the samemanner.

Beads containing a hydrazide group capturing the serum sugar chain inExperimental Example 4 and beads containing an aminooxy group capturingthe serum sugar chain in the same manner as in Experimental Example 4were used for the comparison. To each of sugar chain capturing beads wasadded 20 μl of aoWR (H) solution (20 mM) or AcWRh (H) solution (20 mM)and further 180 μl of 2% acetic acid/acetonitrile solution, and theresulting mixture was heated at 80 degree centigrade for 45 minutes.After the completion of the reaction, the supernatant was recovered andthe MALDI-TOF-MS measurement was carried out.

FIG. 4 is a MALDI-TOF-MS chart.

As clear from the S/N ratio of the chart, it was found that theefficiency was the best when beads containing a hydrazide group capturedthe sugar chain and an aminooxy compound released it. This result isconsistent with the result from the comparison of the reactionefficiency in the liquid phase in Experimental Example 6.

(B) Re-Release of Sugar Chain from Beads by Exchange Reaction

(1) Re-Release of Sugar Chain from Polymer Beads Containing HydrazideGroup

To polymer beads containing a hydrazide group bonded to the sugar chainin Experimental Example 4 were added 20 μl of aoWR (H) solution (20 mM)and 180 μl of 2% acetic acid/acetonitrile solution, and the resultingmixture was heated at 80 degree centigrade for 45 minutes. After thecompletion of the reaction, the supernatant was recovered and aninternal standard substance (chitotetraose) was added thereto forcarrying out the MALDI-TOF-MS measurement, whereby the amount of therecovered sugar chain was calculated.

(2) Re-Release of Sugar Chain from Commercial Beads (Affi-Gel Hz)

With respect to Affi-Gel Hz capturing the serum sugar chain in the samemanner as in Experimental Example 4, the sugar chain was re-released inthe same manner as in (1) of Experimental Example 7(B), whereby theamount of the recovered sugar chain was calculated.

FIG. 5 illustrates a MALDI-TOF-MS chart of the sugar chain recovered inthe method of (1) of Experimental Example 7(B).

As a result of the calculation from the signal amount of the internalstandard substance, it was found that 56% of the amount of the sugarchain used could be recovered.

FIG. 6 illustrates a MALDI-TOF-MS chart of the sugar chain recovered inthe method of (2) of Experimental Example 7 (B). At the same time, thechart of the sugar chain recovered in (1) of Experimental Example 7(B)was also illustrated.

From the S/N ratio of the mass spectrum, it was obviously found that theamount of the recovered sugar chain was small when commercial beads wereused. It was found that, even when the amount of beads used wasincreased by 3 times, it failed to reach the polymer beads containing ahydrazide group by the signal amount. This is considered, as describedabove, because the amount of the functional group of commercial beads issmall (about 1/100) as compared to beads of the present invention.

Experimental Example 8

Exchange Reaction from Liquid Phase to Solid Phase

As illustrated below, the sugar chain labeled with a hydrazide compound(hydrazone bond) was brought into contact with polymer beads containingan aminooxy group, whereby the hydrazone-oxime exchange reaction fromliquid phase to solid phase was carried out. This method could beapplied such that, for example, the sugar chain was labeled with afluorescent hydrazide compound, and then the sugar chain was isolated byHPLC or the like and reacted with beads, whereby the isolated sugarchain was immobilized onto beads. In short, this method can be used as amethod for randomly selecting a sugar chain from sugar chain mixtures(for example, sugar chain recovered from glycoprotein) and presentingthe selected sugar chain onto a surface of the beads. Further, as anapplication example, a solid phase substrate can also be used instead ofbeads.

(1) Bonding of Hydrazine Compound (AcWRh (d)) with Sugar Chain

AcWRh (d) of Experimental Example 1 (A) was dissolved in methanol with aconcentration of 10 mM. 10 μmol of the sugar chain released from fetuinthat was glycoprotein was taken in a vessel. 1 μl of a hydrazidecompound solution was added and 100 μl of acetonitrile containing 2%acetic acid was further added. The resulting material was heated at 80degree centigrade for 45 minutes, whereby the sugar chain and AcWRh (d)were reacted.

(2) Bonding of Hydrazine Compound (d-AcWRh (e)) with Sugar Chain

The sugar chain and d-AcWRh (e) were reacted in the same manner as inExperimental Example 8(1).

(3) Exchange Reaction

5 mg of polymer beads containing an aminooxy group was taken in avessel, and the sugar chain bonded to AcWRh (d) was put thereinto. ThepH was adjusted to 4 with an acetic acid buffer solution, and theresulting solution was reacted at 80 degree centigrade for 1 hour. Afterthe completion of the reaction, the supernatant was recovered, thelabeled d-AcWRh (e) sugar chain with a known concentration was added asan internal standard, and the MALDI-TOF-MS measurement was carried out,whereby the amount of the sugar chain (NA3: Asialo, galactosylatedtriantennary glycan typically paid attention to) was obtained. As thenegative control, the system free from polymer beads containing anaminooxy group was treated in the same manner.

FIG. 7 illustrates a MALDI-TOF-MS chart.

In the system in which polymer beads containing an aminooxy group wasreacted, about 20% of the amount of the sugar chain was observed. On theother hand, in the negative control, the amount of the sugar chain washardly changed. From this fact, it was found that about 80% of theamount of the sugar chain was bonded on polymer beads containing anaminooxy group.

Experimental Example 9 Monosaccharide Immobilized Beads Preparation ofMonosaccharide Immobilized Beads

10 mg of polymer beads containing an aminooxy group of ExperimentalExample 1(B) was taken in a vessel, and 10 μmol of galactose (Gal) orN-acetylglucosamine (GlcNAc) was added thereto. 200 μl of acetonitrilecontaining 2% acetic acid was added thereto, and the resulting materialwas heated at 80 degree centigrade for 1 hour, whereby the sugar wasimmobilized onto beads. Thereafter, beads were sequentially washed witha 0.5% SDS solution, methanol and pure water, whereby foreign matterswere removed.

(2) Verification of Lectin Capturing Ability

Three kinds of labeled HRP (horse radish peroxidase) lectins:HRP-Concanavalin A (Con A), HRP-Wheat germ agglutinin (WGA) andHRP-Ricinus communis agglutinin (RCA120) (all lectins manufactured bySeikagaku Corporation) were respectively dissolved to the concentrationof 1 μg/ml in a binding buffer (50 mM Tris/HCl, 100 mM NaCl, 10 mMCaCl2, 10 mM MgCl2, pH 7.6). 1 mg of beads onto which monosaccharide wasimmobilized in Experimental Example 9(1) was taken in a vessel, and 100μl of any of lectin solutions was added thereto, and the resultingmixture was mildly stirred at 37 degree centigrade for 16 hours.Thereafter, beads were washed with a binding buffer containing 0.05% ofTween-20 and a binding buffer respectively for 1 hour. Labeled HRPlectin bonded on beads was the development of the color with aperoxidase coloring kit (a product of Sumitomo Bakelite Co., Ltd.) formeasuring the absorbance of the solution at 450 nm, whereby the bindingamount of lectin was estimated.

As shown in FIG. 8, it was found that lots of WGA was bonded to GlcNAcimmobilized beads, while lots of RCA120 was bonded to Gal immobilizedbeads. It has been known that WGA mainly recognized GlcNAc, while RCA120mainly recognized Gal. Monosaccharide immobilized beads obtained byapplying the method of the present invention could surely recognize andcapture corresponding lectin.

Experimental Example 10 Oligosaccharide Immobilized Beads Preparation ofOligosaccharide Immobilized Beads

10 mg of polymer beads containing an aminooxy group of ExperimentalExample 1(B) was taken in a vessel, 1 μmol of the fetuin sugar chain ofExperimental Example 2(1) or a ribonuclease B sugar chain solution wasadded in terms of the amount of the sugar chain. 200 μl of acetonitrilecontaining 2% acetic acid was added and the resulting material washeated at 80 degree centigrade for 1 hour, whereby the sugar chain wasimmobilized onto beads. Thereafter, beads were sequentially washed witha 0.5% SDS solution, methanol and pure water, whereby foreign matterswere removed.

(2) Verification of Lectin Capturing Ability

Capture of Concanavalin A (Con A)

1 mg of beads with Ribonuclease B sugar chain immobilized thereon inExperimental Example 10(1) was taken in a vessel. 1 μl of the Con Asolution (10 μg/ml) and 100 μl of the binding buffer were added thereto,and the resulting material was mildly stirred at 37 degree centigradefor 16 hours, whereby Con A was bonded to the sugar chain on beads.Thereafter, beads were washed with a binding buffer containing 0.05% ofTween-20 and a binding buffer respectively for 1 hour. The cleaningsolution was removed, 20 μl of 0.5 M methyl-a-mannopyranoside was addedas hapten, and the resulting mixture was stirred at 37 degree centigradefor 2 hours, whereby Con A bonded to the sugar chain on beads wasreleased. The supernatant was recovered, a trypsin solution (sequencegrade trypsin, a product of Promega) was added, the reaction mixture wasallowed to stand at 37 degree centigrade for 16 hours, and the releasedCon A was fragmented into peptides. A part of the reaction solution wastaken and the MALDI-TOF-MS measurement was carried out. As shown below,data was compared with already known amino acid sequence of Con A.

(1) The trypsin cut position was presumed from the amino acid sequenceof Con A (already known) for estimating the mass number of a peptidefragment. Further, it was compared with the measured mass spectrum dataso that it was confirmed that they were consistent. At this time, themass number of the peptide fragment was estimated using PeptideMass (atool published on web).

(2) MS/MS analysis of the representative spectrum of the obtainedspectra was carried out. As a result of the analysis using MASCOT MS/MSIon Search (a tool for estimating original protein from MS/MS data ofthe peptide fragment), it was confirmed that the peptide was surelyderived from Con A.

As shown in FIG. 9, lots of peaks were detected, in which the ConA-derived peptide and the mass number were consistent. The main sugarchain contained in Ribonuclease B was a high mannose-type sugar chain(lots of mannose residues contained), while Con A has a property ofrecognizing mannose and binding to it. From these facts, Con A could berecognized and captured by the sugar chain immobilized onto beads.

The invention claimed is:
 1. A method for preparing a sample in whichpolymer beads A containing a hydrazine group and having a crosslinkedpolymer structure represented by the following formula (4) is bonded toa sugar chain and/or a sugar derivative via hydrazone formation betweenthe hydrazine group of the polymer beads A and the reducing end of thesugar chain and/or the sugar derivative,

wherein, in the formula, R₁ and R₂ represent a hydrocarbon chain having1 to 20 carbon atoms which may be interrupted with —O—, —S—, —NH—, —CO—or —CONH—; R₃, R₄ and R₅ represent H, CH₃ or a hydrocarbon chain having2 to 5 carbon atoms; and m and n represent the number of monomer unitsand wherein said polymer beads A having a hydrazine group and saidhydrazine group has a thy weight of not less than 100 nmol per 1 mg. 2.The method for preparing a sample as set forth in claim 1, in which saidpolymer beads A has a erosslinked polymer structure represented by thefollowing formula (5),

wherein, in the formula, m and n represent the number of monomer units.3. The method for preparing a sample as set forth in claim 1, in whichsaid polymer beads A is a polymer particle having an average particlediameter of equal to or more than 0.1 and equal to or less than 500 μm.4. The method for preparing a sample as set forth in claim 1, in whichsaid polymer beads A is stable at the pH of 3 to
 8. 5. The method forpreparing a sample as set forth in claim 1, in which said polymer beadsA is stable under pressure of at least not more than 1 MPa.
 6. A methodfor preparing a sample which involves the sugar chain capture stepcomprising binding polymer beads A to a sugar chain and/or a sugarderivative according to the method for preparing a sample as set forthin claim 1, and the sugar chain release step comprising the action of asubstance B containing an aminooxy group or a hydrazide group on acomplex of the polymer beads A and the sugar chain and/or the sugarderivative, captured in the sugar chain capture step, and binding saidsugar chain and/or said sugar derivative while cut off from said polymerheads A to said substance B in accordance with the hydrazone-oximeexchange reaction or hydrazone-hydrazone exchange reaction occurredbetween said complex and said substance B.
 7. The method for preparing asample as set forth in claim 6, in which said substance B comprises amoiety containing chromophore or fluorophore.
 8. The method forpreparing a sample as set forth in claim 6, in which said substance B isa substance selected from the group consisting of the followingsubstances containing a hydrazide group5-Dimethylaminonaphthalene-1-sulfonyl hydrazine (Dansylhydrazine);2-hydrazinopyridine; 9-fluorenylmethyl carbazate (Fmoc hydrazine);benzylhydrazine; 4,4-dffluoro-5,7-dimethyl-4-bora-3a,4a-diaza-s-indacene-3-propionoc acid,hydrazide; 2-(6,8-difluoro-7-hydroxy-4-methylcoumarin)acetohydrazide;7-diethylaminocoumarin-3-carboxylic acid, hydrazide (DCCH);phenylhydrazine; 1-Naphthaleneacethydrazide; 2-hydrazinobenzoic acid;and phenylacetic hydrazide; or the following substances containing anaminooxy group or a salt, of O-benzylhydroxylamine;O-phenylhydroxylamine; O-(2,3,4,5,6-pentafluorobenzl)hydroxylamine;O-(4-nitrobenzyl)hydroxylamine; 2-aminooxypyridine;2-aminooxymethylpyridine; 4-[(aminooxyacetyl)amino]benzoic acid methylester; 4-[(aminooxyacetyl)amino]benzoic acid ethyl ester; and4-[(aminooxyacety)amino]benzoic acid n-butyl ester.
 9. The method forpreparing a sample as set forth in claim 6, in which said substance Bcomprises a moiety consisting of at least one of an arginine residue, atryptophan residue, a phenylalanine residue, a tyrosine residue, acysteine residue and a derivative thereof.
 10. The method for preparinga sample as set forth in claim 6, in which said substance B has astructure represented by the following formula (7),

wherein, in the structural formula, R represents -CH₃ or -CD₃.
 11. Amethod for preparing a sample in which a hydrazone bond between polymerbeads A and a sugar chain and/or a sugar derivative is dissociated andthe sugar chain and/or sugar derivative released by treating the polymerheads A under acidic conditions to, the polymer beads A having astructure represented by the following formula (4),

wherein, in the formula, R₁ and R₂ represent a hydrocarbon chain having1 to 20 carbon atoms which may he interrupted with —O—, —S—, —NH—, —CO—or —CONH—; R₃, R₄ and R₅ represent H, CH₃ or a hydrocarbon chain having2 to 5 carbon atoms; and m and n represent the number of monomer units,and wherein the polymer beads A have a hydrazine group of a dry weightof not less than 100 nmol per 1 mg.
 12. The method for preparing asample as set forth in claim 1, in which in the formula, R₃, R₄ and R₅represent CH₃ or a hydrocarbon chain having 2 to 5 carbon atoms.
 13. Themethod for preparing a sample as set forth in claim 11, in which saidpolymer beads A has a crosslinked polymer structure represented by thefollowing formula (5),

wherein, in the formula, m and n represent the number of monomer units.